1. [詞海垂釣]從詞典中“釣”出一串同根詞吧。
su-(sub-)
2. [舉一反三]根據已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
spiritual a.心靈的；精神的→① spiritualism n.
→② spiritualist n.
→③ spiritualize v.
3. [同義相連]將左欄中的單詞和右欄中相對應的詞義連接起來。
① inspiration a.滿期；截止
② perspiration b.吸氣；鼓舞
③ respiration c.排汗；汗液
④ aspiration d.呼吸；呼吸作用
⑤ expiration e.志氣；抱負；渴望
4. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① conspiratorial a.陰謀的；陰謀家的
② dispirit v.使氣餒；使沮喪
dispirited a.沒有精神的；垂頭喪氣的
③ spiracle n.通氣孔
④ aspirate v.把……發(fā)成送氣音；吸出 n.送氣音
aspirator n.吸氣器；抽吸器
aspiration n.發(fā)送氣音；送氣音
⑤ spirituous a.含酒精的；似酒精的
⑥ despiritualize v.使失去精神性；使世俗化
5. [節(jié)外生枝] spiro-是術語前綴，表“呼吸”。分析下列單詞的詞義。
① spirograph n.呼吸描記器
② spirometer n.肺（活）量計
③ spirophore n.（柜式）人工呼吸器
④ spiroscope n.呼吸量檢視器
89. st, stat [L]=to stand站立
st和stat是一對很重要的同源異形根。st來自拉丁動詞stare；stat是它的動名詞詞干，意思都是to stand（站立）。（大家可能會想起，詞根sist的意思也是to stand；其實，sist的詞源也是stare。）
state [st=to stand站立；-ate n.=thing物→“that which stands or is set up立著的物體，建立的東西”→] n.① the general mode of things that stand around 總的模樣，狀態(tài)：the state of war 戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài) ② the political organization which is set up in a country政府；國家：capitalist states資本主義國家
▽statehood [state;-hood n.] n.國家地位
stateless [state;-less a.] a.無國家的；無國籍的
stately [state;-ly a.] a.尊嚴的，莊重的；雄偉的
station [stat=to stand站立；-ion n.=the act or state表行為或狀態(tài)→] n.① standing; standing-place; position 停留；站立點；位置 ② fixed standing-place for trains, buses, planes, etc. 車站；機場等：railway station火車站
▽stationary [station;-ary a.] a.固定的；靜止的
stay [stay (stat)=to stand站立→] v. stand and remain rather than go on or leave停留：Stay here until I return.呆這兒等我回來。
distance [di-(dis-)=apart分離；st=to stand站立；-ance n.=the state表狀態(tài)→“the state of standing apart分立的狀態(tài)”→] n.① separation in space;remoteness相距；遠隔：The picture looks better at a distance.這幅畫遠看更好。② amount of separation in space or time（空間或時間的）距離：a distance of 20 miles 20英里距離
▽distant [di-;st;-ant a.] a.在遠處的；久遠的
constant [con-(com-)=thoroughly徹底地；st=to stand站立；-ant a.=-ing……的→“standing thoroughly始終站立的”→] a.① fixed or firm堅定的：a constant believer in science堅信科學的人 ② continual持續(xù)的：constant growth 持續(xù)增長 ③ unchanging 不變的：constant temperature room恒溫室
▽constancy [con-;st;-ancy n.] n.堅定；經久不變
circumstance [circum-=around周圍；st=to stand站立；-ance n.=thing物→“thing standing around 在周圍站立的東西”→] n. fact, condition or event concerned有關事實、情況等：I want to consider each circum-stance in turn.我要逐一考慮有關情況。
▽circumstantial [circum-;st;-ant;-ial a.] a.按情況的；偶然的
contrast [contra- = in opposition 相對；st = to stand 站立→“to stand in opposition相對而立”→]Ⅰv. set in opposition in order to show differ-ence使對比：to contrast good and evil 對比善與惡→Ⅱn. difference in things contrasted對比物之間的差別：the striking contrast between wealth and poverty貧富之間的懸殊差別
ecstasy [ec-(ex-)=out of外；st=to stand站立；-asy (-acy) n.=the state表狀態(tài)→“the state of standing out of one's own place because of joy因為高興站到自己位置之外去”→] n. being put out of the normal mental state;excessive joy出神，入迷；狂喜：He listened to the music with ecstasy.他聽音樂聽得出了神。
▽ecstasize [ecstas(y);-ize v.] v.使入迷；使狂喜
ecstatic [ec-;stat;-ic a.] a.入迷的；欣喜若狂的
obstacle [ob-=in the way攔阻；st=to stand站立；-acle n.=thing物→] n. anything that stands in the way and hinders advance 障礙物：to over-come obstales to progress排除前進的障礙
rest [re-=back后；st =to stand站立→“to stand back or stay behind站在后面，留在后頭”→]Ⅰv.① stay, or remain停留；余下② remain or still be保持著，依然是：The affair rests a riddle.這件事依然是個謎。→Ⅱ n. persons that still remain;what is left其余的人；剩余部分：Ten of us will go, the rest are to stay here.我們去十個人，其余的留在這兒。
