實(shí)用高中英語用法詞典連載(01)

A

a [eI,E] / an[An,En] art.（用在以元音開始的詞前為 an）1.一(個(gè)、件、本、塊、首等)：Her wish was to be a writer. 她的志愿是當(dāng)作家。/ It’s not an easy task. 這不是一件容易的任務(wù)。/ The question before us is a difficult one. 我們面前的問題是一個(gè)困難的問題。2.(一類事物中的)任何一個(gè)；任何：A tiger is a dangerous animal. 老虎是危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物。3.每一：We went there once a year. 我們一年到那里去一次。/ The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 醫(yī)生讓他每天洗兩次眼睛。/ They cost 50p a pound. 這些每磅 50 便士。4.某一：A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you. 有一位史密斯夫人想同你說話?！?/span>from A to Z 從頭到尾，徹底地：know the subject from A to Z 對(duì)這一科目了如指掌

【用法】1.常用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，只要該名詞的讀音是以輔音開頭，則用不定冠詞 a，若該名詞讀音是以元音開頭，則用 an：a book(一本書)，a boy(一個(gè)男孩)，an apple(一個(gè)蘋果)，an old man(一位老人)等。另外讀音以元音開頭的字母及字母縮略詞(如 a, e, f, h, I, m, n, o, SOS, MBA 等)前若用不定冠詞，要用 an，不用 a。2. 用于表示泛指，既可指同一類屬中的具有代表性的任何一個(gè)，也可指同一類屬中的某一個(gè)：A lion can be very dangerous. 獅子是很危險(xiǎn)的。3.在序數(shù)詞之前使用a(an)，可以表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加。如：Do you want to read it a third time? 你還想看第三次嗎？4.不定冠詞可用來表示“類屬”，即表示某一類屬中的每一個(gè)都能反映該類屬的整體情況，此時(shí)也可用定冠詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式來表示。如：A tiger [The tiger, Tigers] can be dangerous. 老虎是危險(xiǎn)的。注意：不定冠詞的這一用法是指某一類中任何一個(gè)具有代表性的個(gè)體，它不能用來表示整體類別的特性，如下例中的the不能換成a：The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有絕種的危險(xiǎn)。

abandon[E5bAndEn] vt.1. 丟棄，拋棄：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。2.放棄：They abandoned the game because of storm. 因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨比賽停止了。

ability[E5bIlItI] n. 1.[U]能力；本領(lǐng)；才能：a man of great musical ability 有卓越音樂才華的人 / I doubt his ability to do the job. 我認(rèn)為他沒有做這工作的能力。2. [C,U]天才：ability in music音樂天才◆to the best of your ability 竭盡所能：Just try to do the job to the best of your ability. 試著盡你所能將工作做好。

【用法】表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接不定式：She has the ability to speak French fluently. 她能流利地說法語。但在現(xiàn)代英語中，也可后接 of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍，建議初學(xué)者謹(jǐn)用)：I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羨慕他工作做得快。

able[5eIbl] adj. 1.能…的：Will you be able to come to our party? 你能來參加我們的聚會(huì)嗎？ 2.有能力的；能干的：an able politician 有才干的政治家 ◆be able to do sth 能夠做某事：She won’t be able to come tomorrow. 她明天不能來。/ I’d like to be able to read English books. 我希望能看英文書。/ I’d like to be able to help in some way. 我愿意能以某種方式幫忙。

【用法】1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”，可用作表語或定語：He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的經(jīng)理。2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或會(huì)做做某事)：I will not be able to come tomorrow. 我明天來不了。注意：be able to 不僅有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式(通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或與 be going to 連用)，而且還可以與某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用(通常不與 can 連用)，甚至還可以有非謂語形式：Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后，他一直未能離開家。/ I regret not being able to help her. 我很遺憾未能幫助她。

abnormal[Ab5nC:ml] adj.不正常的，反常的：Such an abnormal phenomenon will not last long. 這樣的反?，F(xiàn)象不會(huì)持續(xù)很久。

about[E5baJt] adv.1. 大約，左右：It’s about three miles from here to the city center. 有這里到市中心大約三英里。2. 到處；附近，在周圍：They walked about the streets. 他們?cè)诮稚细魈幾咦摺?/span>prep.1.關(guān)于；對(duì)于：a book about snakes一本關(guān)于蛇的書  / be careful (careless) about 對(duì)某事細(xì)心(粗心) 2.在…附近；在…周圍：I saw it about here. 我在這附近看到過它。3. 忙于：關(guān)心(某事)：going about one’s day-to-day business 忙于日常事務(wù)  ◆How [What] about…? …怎么樣？/ be about to do 正要，將要…：He’s about to go. 他就要走了。/ Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要開始講話，珍妮先講了。

【用法】1. 表示“大約”，通常用于數(shù)字前：It costs about $20. 這需 20 美元左右。2. 在動(dòng)詞 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介詞 about, 含義有差別：She knows him. 她認(rèn)識(shí)他。/ She knows about him. 她知道有關(guān)他的情況。 3. be about to (do)，意