托福寫作的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該注意哪些

　　1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　(1) 表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)(主要是指現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)實(shí)特點(diǎn))

　　Marian is a famous black singer.

　　Peter tries to cook Chinese food.

　　(2) 表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作行為(長期進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)

　　The class usually begins at 10’ clock in the morning.

　　(3) 不變的真理和事實(shí)(主要是指一些客觀，亙古不變的事情)

　　The sun sets in the west.

　　(4)代替將來時(shí)

　　We start for England next money.

　　Let us have a walk after the supper.

　　2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

　　(1) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

　　They are planning a surprise party for David’s birthday.

　　(2) 代替將來時(shí)

　　She is going to swim with her classmates after school.

　　(3) 常與(always, often)時(shí)間副詞連用，表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作。

　　He is always reading a novel by listening to paint music.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的語用比較

　　(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不用在表示發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在這一刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，若要表示發(fā)生于 現(xiàn)在一刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在特殊情況下，可與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣表示瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)作。

　　3. 一般過去時(shí)的用法

　　(1) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)

　　I watched a volleyball game with my family last Tuesday.

　　(2) 過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，常與always, usually 等連用

　　Lucy always borrowed foreign language book from the library.

　　(3) 為保持時(shí)態(tài)一致而用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)

　　They said that some of tasks were too different for the students.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法

　　1)表示現(xiàn)在剛完成的動(dòng)作，常與(yet, already, just, now)等副詞連用

　　Have you finished your essay yet? Yes, I have just done with that.

　　2) 表示過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，常與(ever, never, before, once)等副詞連用。

　　He has never been treated like this in his life.

　　He has gone to India. ( 表完成)

　　He has been in Thailand. (表經(jīng)驗(yàn))

　　3)表示過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，常用for, since等副詞表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間

　　I have known this family for many years.

　　They have prepared for this show since last semester.

　　4) 由when, if, after, till, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，以現(xiàn)在完成代替將來完成。

　　I will read that book when I have finished my preparation for speech.

　　Shall we have a trip as soon as we have arrived at that small village?

　　一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較用法

　　一般過去時(shí)指發(fā)生在過去的獨(dú)立動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是指發(fā)生在過去，同時(shí)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。

　　I did not look at the paper this morning.(已過了早晨)

　　I have not looked at the paper this morning.(仍在早晨)