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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作如何進(jìn)行故事舉例

所屬教程:托福寫(xiě)作

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2018年05月08日

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  在托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中,舉例通常有兩種方法共五類舉例詞匯,其中描述現(xiàn)象有三類詞匯:such as/like,include/range from…to…以及for example/for instance;敘述故事有兩類詞匯:illustrate/exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。需要特別注意的是,無(wú)論是哪種方法,都要有細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě),我們可以用“刨根問(wèn)底找畫(huà)面感”的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。下面我們來(lái)討論在敘述故事中會(huì)用到的舉例詞匯。

  敘述故事就是寫(xiě)出真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,這些事件可以是發(fā)生在其他人身上的,也可以是發(fā)生在自己身上的,適合它的舉例詞匯比較多,在此僅討論相對(duì)“高端”的兩種:illustrate與exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。為了能更加直觀地展現(xiàn)舉例的這種方法,現(xiàn)以TPO16的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目為例,“最佳的旅行方式是跟隨有導(dǎo)游的旅游團(tuán)”,并且選擇disagree(其實(shí)也可選擇agree,但舉例方法大同小異,所以在此只討論disagree的情況),理由是“導(dǎo)游會(huì)把游客帶到商品價(jià)格極高的紀(jì)念品店”,例子是my cousin Joseph的一段親身經(jīng)歷,這就是一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,也即敘述故事:

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  故事一般可由以下兩類詞匯引入,現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)逐一討論。

  一、illustrate與exemplify,這兩個(gè)詞是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的,如果能將它們用好,必定會(huì)使文章增色不少,這兩個(gè)詞通常用來(lái)引人一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,使用時(shí)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)(illustrate與exemplify同義,可互換):

  1. illustrate 與exemplify都是及物動(dòng)詞,它們的賓語(yǔ)都是表“觀點(diǎn)”的詞,如point等。

  2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性,with可用by替換,the case of可用the example of與the story about等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換,但要注意它們所用介詞的不同。

  3. exemplify被很多的考生拼錯(cuò),寫(xiě)成examplify——它與example不同,是以exe-開(kāi)頭的,而不是exa-。偶爾的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤不傷大雅,但是很多的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤很有可能導(dǎo)致失分。

  【參考例句】

  Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.

  當(dāng)然,也可以選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)被動(dòng)換著使用,寫(xiě)成:

  Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.

  二、…deserves a special mention,這個(gè)表達(dá)也是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的,如果能用好它,文章一定會(huì)顯得高大上,這個(gè)表達(dá)通常也用來(lái)引人一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,使用時(shí)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  1. 在…deserves a special mention中,a可以省略,寫(xiě)成…deserves special mention。

  2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性,when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換。

  3. 也可結(jié)合上面提到的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn),寫(xiě)成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention,后跟具體的事件即可;由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù),因此deserve也要相應(yīng)地使用第三人稱單數(shù),這是非常簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題,但往往被相當(dāng)一部分考生所忽略,因此造成失分,非??上?。

  【參考例句】

  When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.


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