托福寫作:中國學(xué)生常見標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤(2)

　　(1) 把非限制性定語從句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定語從句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗點(diǎn)。如:

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.

　　從句意來看,上句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,故應(yīng)在shop 后加逗點(diǎn),把that 相應(yīng)改成which 即:

　　〔修改〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.

　　(2) 不論狀語從句在整個(gè)句子中處于何種位置,一概以逗點(diǎn)隔開。

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕8. We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.

　　狀語從句可置于句首或句末。置于句首時(shí),一般要用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開;而置于句末時(shí),則無需與主句隔開,故 以上句子應(yīng)改為:

　　〔修改〕8. If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.

　　(3) 在疑問句形式的陳述句后使用問號(hào)。

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕9. What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them ?I wondered.

　　〔修改〕9. What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them , I wondered.

　　英語疑問除可用問號(hào)來表達(dá)外,尚可用詞序加以表達(dá)。故上例的疑問可用逗點(diǎn)表示。

　　(4) 誤把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起聯(lián)系作用的副詞當(dāng)成并列連詞,導(dǎo)致寫作中的逗號(hào)粘連(comma splice) 錯(cuò)誤。

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn’t care for that .

　　兩個(gè)完整的句子或兩個(gè)并列句之間不能一概用逗點(diǎn)點(diǎn)開, 可用句號(hào)、分號(hào)或在逗點(diǎn)后加并列連詞(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改。

　　故上例可改為:

　　〔修改〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right . However , she didn’t care for that .或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn’t care for that .或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn’t care for that .

　　(5) 與comma splice 相映成趣的是,許多學(xué)生作文時(shí),極少考慮句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)連首尾,導(dǎo)致大量熔句(fused sentence) 的堆砌。例如:

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕11. Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time.

　　〔修改〕11. Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.

　　或Young men like blue jeans. They wear them all the time.

　　或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time.

　　或Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.

　　或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time.

　　(6) 兩個(gè)并列的形容詞間以and 代替逗點(diǎn)。

　　〔錯(cuò)誤〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.

　　現(xiàn)代英語表達(dá)一般在兩個(gè)形容詞中間不使用and , 而是用逗點(diǎn)分隔。

　　〔修改〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood

　　因語體錯(cuò)位而造成的標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。英文寫作是一種書面語的輸出。其書面語體的特征要求其與口頭語相區(qū)別?？谡Z中存在的大量縮約 (contraction) 在書面語體中應(yīng)盡量避免。而許多學(xué)生在書面作文中大量使用省字號(hào)(’),幾乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文體上存在漏洞,現(xiàn)代英語的發(fā)展對(duì)此卻難以容忍。如:

　　1. I’d like to share my joys with you. ( I would like to)

　　2. .you can’t behave like that . (you cannot)

　　3. .there’re so many splendid toys for me to select . (there are)