托福寫作的綜合備考技巧講解

首先，summarize，也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內(nèi)容和各三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。這其實(shí)就是Introduction要寫的內(nèi)容，掌握了概括，第一段就不成問題咯!

其次，Paraphrase，也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子，你寫起文章來將會(huì)感覺到如魚得水，游刃有余。 改寫其實(shí)主要有下面的兩種方法：

第一，使用不同的詞匯

a.使用同義詞，比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞，你一定要掌握，出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。

important→essential, crucial, vital, significant

think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figureout

nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days

b.改變?cè)~性，這是一種稍微難一些的方法，要求你的語法基礎(chǔ)非常好，你才能靈活自如的運(yùn)用。

n. → v.

Eg：When we look at a comparison

between A and B…

When we compare A and B…

Adj. → n.

There are a variety of solutions

to the problem.

There are various solutions to the problem.

c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當(dāng)中的使用相當(dāng)頻繁，不僅是段落和段落的連接，還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會(huì)有極大的作用。

because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for

but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas

so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently

d.形容詞的逆向表達(dá)。在某些形容詞上進(jìn)行修改，會(huì)達(dá)到非比尋常的效果。

Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…

Not uncommon→common

The cheapest → the least expensive

第二，使用不同的句型

a. 改變?cè)~序。這是非常簡(jiǎn)單的一種方法，完全不用動(dòng)腦筋就可以進(jìn)行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語(包括狀語從句)換位置。

Eg: For many years, people have believed ….

→People believed… for many years.

After this program has been solved, work on … can continue.

b. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的互相替換

Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.

→This research was performed by trained scientists.

c. 使用“there be” 句型，可以將一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，馬上變成一個(gè)加入定語從句或者分詞的復(fù)雜句。

Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.

→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.

或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.

d. 定語從句，分詞和插入語的互相替換

Eg: Study…, conducted

by sociologists in 2004, shows that…

→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…

Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…

→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

接下來，Cite，即引用。托福綜合寫作乃客觀寫作，只是一個(gè)旁觀者的角度對(duì)這兩篇文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此，某觀點(diǎn)是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以，下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。

a.According to+noun.

Eg: According to the passage/lecture/author/professor,…

b.Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause

Eg: The author tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/points out/thinks/believes that…

或The speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….

c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...

最后，Synthesize，也就是連接。具體來講，就是承接詞的使用是相當(dāng)重要的，將文章當(dāng)中的重要信息連接起來，體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)于兩篇文章的理解正確，說明作者的思路清楚。由于綜合寫作是對(duì)兩篇文章的比較，所以下面表對(duì)比和遞進(jìn)的承接詞使用的最頻繁。

a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary

b.Transitional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, beside, as well