托福寫(xiě)作之淺談綜合寫(xiě)作

據(jù)托福OG有關(guān)綜合寫(xiě)作的要求，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要為信息(information)和邏輯(organization)。這兩點(diǎn)考察的就是我們對(duì)聽(tīng)力要點(diǎn)的把握能力，以及如何用簡(jiǎn)要的語(yǔ)言概括閱讀稿和聽(tīng)力稿中的信息，并且層次清晰，要點(diǎn)明確。有的同學(xué)說(shuō)，我聽(tīng)懂了，我直接寫(xiě)就好;有的說(shuō)，我看懂了，但聽(tīng)懂了一部分，編下就行。其實(shí)不然。閱讀稿看懂了，聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)懂了，只是一半。還需要將聽(tīng)力中的有效信息用自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)，并且也不能與閱讀稿中的表達(dá)完全一致。

在這里我將綜合聽(tīng)力需要鍛煉的能力列為以下三點(diǎn)：

1. 閱讀能力(快、準(zhǔn))

2. 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)和速記能力(不是簡(jiǎn)單詞不記，是記重點(diǎn)名詞、動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ))

3. 一定的改寫(xiě)能力(這個(gè)就是我們對(duì)于句型的運(yùn)用，涉及句子表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確性、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞的適當(dāng)替換等)。

可能有的同學(xué)說(shuō)聽(tīng)不懂，這里建議，如果練習(xí)聽(tīng)力，盡量用托福聽(tīng)力材料進(jìn)行練習(xí)，因?yàn)橥懈Ｂ?tīng)力材料內(nèi)容信息量大，需要記的東西多，也能通過(guò)做題找到自己聽(tīng)力的盲區(qū)。如果托福聽(tīng)力能聽(tīng)懂了，托福綜合寫(xiě)作的聽(tīng)力也沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。

這里附上兩篇學(xué)生寫(xiě)的綜合寫(xiě)作范文。

TPO26

Inthe listening material, the professor made several points about the invasion ofthe zebra mussels can be stopped.

Firstof all, the reading passage states that the human transportation will cause theinvasion of the zabra mussels, while the professor contradicts that people cannotcontrol it in the past because of the lack of the knowledge. On the other hand,the ocean water will be taken by the ship to replace the freshwater, which maykill the mussels.

Moreover,the reading passage also mentions that if the mussels are taken to the newplace, they won't have predators, while the professor refutes that they candominate it just for a short time. They will be a new food source for birds, sothey can not dominant in the end.

Furthermore,the reading passage then talks that the invasion of the mussels will cause thedecline in the fish population in its area, while the professor departs from itthat it is true that mussels have negative impact in plankton. But for otherfish, mussels provide nutrition for fish at the bottom of the lake.

Thisis the entirely opposed to the writer's expectation.

TPO27

Inthis listening material, the professor states several points about global cooling caused by the Little Ice Age.

First,the reading material states that after the ocean currents melted, the glaciersproduce an enormous number of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream. This actioninfluenced the earth’s climate strongly, while the professor in the listening material disagrees that the cooling water just affected Europe and parts ofNorth America, but it can’t explain global cooling, or the cooling in southernarea.

Second,the reading material says that the volcanic eruption caused the Little Ice Ageas they generate dark clouds with dust and sulfur gas into our atmosphere whichwill reduce the earth’s temperature. By contrast, the professor contradictsthat the volcanic eruption produce colorful clouds and gases, but those gasesare not strong enough to decrease the earth’s temperature.

Lastly,the reading material mentions that the decrease of human population affect theearth’s temperature indirectly because we no longer cut substantial number oftrees and let the forest grow freely, these trees absorb carbon dioxide andthat will reduce the earth’s temperature. However, the professor objects thatpeople still cut a large number of trees and the short cease of deforestationis not long enough to cause the global cooling.