托福寫作：冠詞怎么用？

　　1. Indefinite article (不定冠詞)

　　我們用 "a , an "當(dāng)我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：

　　* is one of many. ( 是許多個(gè)中的一個(gè))

　　He is an artist.(=there are many artists)

　　* is not unique. (不是唯一的)

　　I have just bought a book

　　* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒(méi)有提到過(guò))

　　There was a new student in class today.

　　2. Definite article (定冠詞)

　　我們用 "the "當(dāng)我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：

　　* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的)

　　The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one)

　　I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case)

　　* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過(guò))

　　The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single.

　　* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來(lái)的短語(yǔ)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明)

　　What is the new student's name?

　　3. No articles (無(wú)冠詞)

　　我們不用冠詞當(dāng)我們普遍地提及事物的時(shí)候：

　　* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí))

　　Do you like sport?

　　* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時(shí)候不用冠

　　詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹)

　　He is Professor Jones

　　4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語(yǔ))

　　有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應(yīng)該來(lái)單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)，他們包括：

　　a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed

　　go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week

　　sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day

　　the same

　　二 經(jīng)常發(fā)生問(wèn)題的區(qū)域 (Areas that often cause problems)

　　1. Jobs (工作)

　　如果有許多人做這個(gè)工作我們用 a 或 an.：

　　My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects)

　　但是如果一個(gè)工作特別對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)人，我們就要用“the”了：

　　He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長(zhǎng)). (=there is only one)

　　2. Superlative (最高級(jí))

　　我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級(jí)前面：

　　She is the best person for the job.

　　3. Last and next

　　有一些形容詞如 “last” 和 “next ”同時(shí)可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會(huì)發(fā)生變化

　　I saw James last night. (=the one before this one)

　　It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one)

　　I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)

　　4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital

　　和以上機(jī)構(gòu)連用時(shí)我們不用定冠詞“the”

　　My sister had to stay in hospital overnight.

　　然而，如果我們指的是這個(gè)建筑，我們就要用“the”

　　Our flat is opposite the hospital.

　　三 在表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的短語(yǔ)中用或不用定冠詞 (phrases of time and place)

　　1. Phrases of time

　　有些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)必須用“the”

　　Dates: the 25th of December / December the 25th

　　Parts of the day: in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning ( but at night, at lunchtime)

　　Decades or Centuries: the 1980s, the 21st century

　　另外一些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)不用“the”

　　Years or Seasons: in 2002, in summer

　　Months or Days: in August, on Friday, see you tomorrow

　　2 Place names

　　國(guó)家，大洲，島嶼，洲，省，城市前不加

　　“the”(countries, continents, islands, states, provinces, town, cities)

　　in Asia, to Sydney from Texas in Turkey in Britain in America

　　例外情況

　　the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, the Arab World (可以發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)家名作為縮寫的話要加“the”)

　　如果我們指的是一個(gè)地區(qū)(region)那么我們不需要用“the”

　　North-west Inida, Northern Europe

　　但是如果我們指的是對(duì)于一個(gè)地區(qū)的方位或方向就要加上“the”

　　in the east of the country, in the south of Italy, on the coast

　　大多數(shù)路，街，公園，橋梁，商店，酒店不用加

　　“the”(raods, streets, parks, bridges, shops, restaurants)

　　Central Park, Oxford Street, Tower Bridge

　　但是有命名的劇院，電影院，旅館，畫廊，博物館加

　　“the”(names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries, museums)

　　the Hermitage, the National Theatre, the Odeon, the Ritz

　　特別的山和湖不加“the”

　　Lake Victoria, Mount Everest

　　山脈，河流，海洋，運(yùn)河要加“the”

　　the Atlantic, the Yangtze River, the Himalayas, the Panama Canal

　　以上就是冠詞"the"在托福寫作中的用法，大家可以在托福作文中多運(yùn)用一些不同形式的句型，增加托福寫作的層次感和新鮮感。