托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的備考原則

　　Because the change of the society is so rapidly， people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

　　而剩下的則是由“對(duì)比論述型”構(gòu)成的：

　　Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

　　在審題時(shí)，考生必須首先把題目通讀1-3遍，徹底把握題目主旨后，方可進(jìn)行段落布局。在這里，筆者結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)給考生們一些建議：首先，判斷題目是否包含“絕對(duì)”含義的詞，若有，則按照上篇講過(guò)的建議布局，若沒(méi)有，則對(duì)于同意或者反對(duì)的理由進(jìn)行快速的brain storming， 然后根據(jù)分論點(diǎn)的數(shù)量及論點(diǎn)的可延展性來(lái)敲定立場(chǎng)：

　　Some people think that human needs for farmland， housing， and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　Disagree：

　　1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

　　2) Environment balance

　　3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country， so they are more valuable than farmlands

　　Agree：

　　1) life quality is the top priority

　　2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

　　經(jīng)過(guò)一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分論點(diǎn)及想法，這時(shí)候，主體段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一種就是完全反對(duì)題目的說(shuō)法，采用五段式結(jié)構(gòu)布局，每個(gè)主體段論證上述三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)中的一個(gè);第二種也是反對(duì)題目的說(shuō)法，采用五段式結(jié)構(gòu)布局，但是前2個(gè)主體段從三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)中選二個(gè)去論證，而第三個(gè)主體段從“同意”的二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)里去選一個(gè)，最后的結(jié)論還是傾向于反對(duì)的。

　　第三種是采用四段式結(jié)構(gòu)布局，即第一個(gè)主體段從三個(gè)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)中選擇二到三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)去寫(xiě)，而第二個(gè)主體段則從贊同的分論點(diǎn)里去選擇，數(shù)量上比前一段少一個(gè)即可，最后結(jié)論還是傾向于反對(duì)多一點(diǎn)。這樣說(shuō)是不是有些同學(xué)看了會(huì)有點(diǎn)“暈”呢?那下面筆者就再舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)的例子吧：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television， newspapers， magazines， and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

　　Disagree：

　　1) Most people are common， so they want to know something about famous ones

　　2) Famous people stand for some fashion

　　3) Constrain the public figures

　　4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

　　又經(jīng)過(guò)了幾分鐘思考，我們得出了上述的四個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，但是一時(shí)半會(huì)贊同的理由實(shí)在是想不出。若托福寫(xiě)作考試的時(shí)候遇到這種情況，千萬(wàn)別猶豫不決，馬上從已經(jīng)想好的觀點(diǎn)里面進(jìn)行挑選。于是，這個(gè)題目我們就采用完全反對(duì)的立場(chǎng)，以五段式結(jié)構(gòu)布局全文，主體段的分論點(diǎn)從上述四點(diǎn)中挑選三個(gè)展開(kāi)論述即可。這樣一來(lái)，大家是不是明白一點(diǎn)了呢?

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

　　Agree： Parents make decision for children.

　　1) Parents have more experience

　　2) 15-18 years old children are not adults， so they can't take responsibility

　　還有一種情況就是我們只能想出兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，這時(shí)候考生應(yīng)該果斷采用四段式布局，而這一次，兩個(gè)主體段都分別論述一個(gè)同意的理由，而在結(jié)尾時(shí)，可以順便提一些反對(duì)的理由，這樣也不失為一種靈活的方法，希望考生們可以借鑒。