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倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)難句分類解析

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2020年06月23日

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倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)難句分類解析

1. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers.

【翻譯演練】  ________________________________

【參考譯文】  如果規(guī)則性和對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性像科學(xué)家所撰寫的論文似乎表明的那樣對(duì)于科學(xué)家是理想的,那么管理方也不應(yīng)該因?yàn)槠缫暳搜芯空咧械哪切┕秩硕艿截?zé)備。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Nor , if regularity and conformity (to a standard pattern) are as desirable to the scientist as the writing (of his papers) would appear to reflect , is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls " (among researchers).此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是否定詞Nor置于句首發(fā)生的倒裝,畫線的部分是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,它分隔了Nor和系動(dòng)詞is;正常的語序是If regularity and conformity..., nor is management to be blamed for...;此句的真正主語是management,謂語動(dòng)詞是is,表語是不定式to be blamed,句末畫線的介詞for短語是原因狀語,修飾前面的謂語動(dòng)詞,表示其原因,括號(hào)中的介詞among短語是其前面odd balls的后置定語;在畫線的if狀語從句中,regularity and conformity是從句的主語,to a standard pattern是conformity的后置定語,謂語動(dòng)詞是are,表語是desirable,to the scientist是范圍狀語,后面的as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,和前面的as形成as...as搭配。

【詞匯精記】  regularity 規(guī)則性,規(guī)律性;conformity (to) 和……的一致性;standard pattern 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式;desirable 理想的;paper 論文;appear 似乎;reflect 反映;management 管理,管理方;blame 責(zé)備;discriminate (against) 歧視;odd 古怪的。

2. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________

【參考譯文】  從1980年的人口普查中可看到這樣一幅景象:這個(gè)國(guó)家正大力發(fā)展區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture (of a nation) (developing more and more regional competition).此句結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞短語+be+主語(常有后置定語修飾) ,類似于表系主倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是:The picture (of a nation) (developing more and more regional competition) is emerging from the 1980 census;括號(hào)中的成分是各自前面名詞的定語:of a nation修飾picture;developing more and more regional competition修飾nation。

【詞匯精記】  emerge from 從……中出現(xiàn);census 人口普查;regional 地區(qū)的,區(qū)域性的;competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

3. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its childbearing years.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  不斷的移民潮也起到了作用,而由于歷史上“嬰兒潮”那一代人到了生育年齡,帶來更多嬰兒的降生亦起到了作用。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  Nonstop waves (of immigrants) played a role, too—//and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its childbearing years. 此句是and連接的一個(gè)并列句,倒裝出現(xiàn)在第二段中,是 so +do+sb. 的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示“某人亦如此”,和Nor/Neither+do+sb.(某人亦不如此)完全相反,例如:

A: He went to the cinema yesterday. 他昨天去看電影了 。

B: So did I. 我也去了 。

A: He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. 他昨天沒去看電影 。

B: Nor did I. 我也沒有去 。

后面的畫線部分是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,修飾此段的謂語動(dòng)詞did,表示其發(fā)生的原因。

【詞匯精記】  nonstop 不斷的;wave 浪潮;immigrant 移民;role 作用;play a role in... 在……起作用;crops of 大量的;baby boom “嬰兒潮”;boom 迅猛增長(zhǎng);generation 一代人;childbearing 生育的。

4. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

【翻譯演練】  _________________________

【參考譯文】  1980年的人口普查顯示,任何地方的美國(guó)人都沒有西部地區(qū)的人們更加注重追求生活空間的寬敞。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search (for spacious living) than in the Far West. 此句的主語是1980 census statistics ,謂語動(dòng)詞是dramatize,賓語是the American search, for spacious living是介詞短語作賓語search的后置定語;此句的難點(diǎn)在于:①nowhere否定詞置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);②比較結(jié)構(gòu)的使用,nowhere和in the Far West是比較對(duì)象,此句在本質(zhì)上屬于比較結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句表示最高級(jí)的情形(參見第一部分第八章比較結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  census 人口普查;statistic 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù);dramatize 戲劇化,清楚地表明;search for 尋找,對(duì)……的追求;spacious 寬敞的;the Far West (美國(guó))西海岸,西部地區(qū)。

5. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  在全球范圍內(nèi)分散著100多個(gè)小范圍孤立的火山活動(dòng)地帶,它們就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家所熟知的熱點(diǎn)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions (of isolated volcanic activity) (known to geologists as hot spots).此句結(jié)構(gòu)采用的是分詞短語+be+主語(常有后置定語修飾) ,類似于表系主倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是:More than 100 small regions (of isolated volcanic activity) (known to geologists as hot spots) are scattered around the globe;括號(hào)中的成分是各自前面名詞的定語:of isolated volcanic activity修飾前面的主語regions,known to geologists as hot spots修飾其前面的activity。

【詞匯精記】  scatter 分散;globe 地球;region 區(qū)域;isolate 使隔離,使孤立;volcanic activity 火山活動(dòng);be known to sb. as... 作為……被某人所熟知;spot 地點(diǎn),點(diǎn);hot spot 熱點(diǎn);geologist 地理學(xué)家。

6. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enables the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  技術(shù)的發(fā)展是和日益增加的信息密不可分的,它使得更多的信息能以更快捷的速度儲(chǔ)存和傳送到更多的地點(diǎn)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development (of technologies)//{which enables the storage and delivery (of more information) (with greater speed) (to more locations) than has ever been possible before.}此句第一段是主干結(jié)構(gòu);其形式是分詞短語+be+主語(常有后置定語修飾) ,類似于表系主倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是The development...is coupled with...; of technologies是主語development的后置定語;第二段是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,亦修飾主語the development;此定語從句中,主語是關(guān)系代詞which,謂語是enables,賓語是the storage and delivery,后面括號(hào)部分的表達(dá)都是賓語the storage and delivery的后置定語(不能因?yàn)榉g成漢語時(shí)譯成了狀語,就理解為狀語)。

【詞匯精記】  be coupled with 和……密不可分;quantity 數(shù)量;the growing quantity of 越來越多的;enable 使能夠;storage 儲(chǔ)存;delivery 遞送,運(yùn)輸;location 地點(diǎn)。

7. What Henson did was important, but more important was the way he did things.

【翻譯演練】  ___________________________

【參考譯文】  Henson所做的一切都是重要的,但更重要的則是他做事的方式。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  What Henson did was important,//but more important was the way (he did things).此句是but連接兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句;第一段中,畫線部分是what引導(dǎo)名詞從句作主語(即主語從句),謂語是系動(dòng)詞was,表語是important;第二段是典型的表系主倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):more important(表語)+was(系動(dòng)詞)+the way(主語)+he did things(定語從句),正常語序是the way (he did things) was more important;此種倒裝主要有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)表語的內(nèi)容;②避免主語過長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致的頭重腳輕,使得結(jié)構(gòu)較平衡。

8. Constantly growing too is the volume of chemical goods.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  化學(xué)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量亦在不斷增加。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  Constantly growing too is the volume (of chemical goods).此句結(jié)構(gòu)采用的是分詞短語+be+主語(常有后置定語修飾) ,類似于表系主倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是The volume (of chemical goods) is constantly growing too;括號(hào)中的of短語是主語the volume的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  constantly 不斷地;volume 容量,音量,卷(書),量;chemical goods 化學(xué)產(chǎn)品。

9. Typical of the new type of the youth was Leifeng, who set a shining example to the whole nation.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________

【參考譯文】  雷鋒是新一代年輕人的典范,他為所有的國(guó)人樹立了一個(gè)光輝的榜樣。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Typical of the new type of the youth was Lei feng ,//who set a shining example to the whole nation.句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝:Typical of the new type of the youth(表語)+was(系動(dòng)詞)+Lei Feng(主語)+who...(非限制性定語從句),正常語序是:Lei Feng, who set a shining example to the whole nation, was typical of the new type of the youth。

【詞匯精記】  be typical of 是……的代表;the new type of the youth 新一代的年輕人;set a shining example to 給……樹立光輝榜樣;the whole nation 整個(gè)國(guó)家,所有的國(guó)人。

10. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  我們認(rèn)為我們自己大腦內(nèi)部的活動(dòng)才是唯一值得研究的;但是,風(fēng)俗,我們則認(rèn)為,是最司空見慣的行為。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   The inner workings (of our own brains) we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,//but custom, we have a way of thinking , is behavior (at its most commonplace).此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是but連接兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句;第一段的謂語動(dòng)詞顯然只能是feel,所以根據(jù)邏輯和前后的表達(dá)可斷定,we應(yīng)該是主語的成分,據(jù)此,可推理出第一段的正常語序應(yīng)該是:we feel the inner workings of our own brains(賓語) to be uniquely worthy of investigation (賓補(bǔ)),屬于典型的“成分(此處是賓語)前置”情形,這是一種相對(duì)隨意靈活的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,被前置的成分是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象;第二段中,主語是custom,謂語是系動(dòng)詞is,表語是behavior,雙逗號(hào)中間的畫線部分是插入語,括號(hào)里的介詞短語at...是后置定語,修飾前面的表語behavior。

【詞匯精記】  inner 內(nèi)部的(和outer相反);working 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);brain 大腦;unique 唯一的,獨(dú)一無二的;investigation 研究,調(diào)查;a way of thinking 思維方式;commonplace 普遍的,司空見慣的。

11. From the shore-line out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents.

【翻譯演練】  ________________________

【參考譯文】  從海岸線向大海延伸數(shù)英里乃至數(shù)百英里的區(qū)域是緩和的大陸架斜坡,從地質(zhì)學(xué)上說,它是大陸的一部分。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   From the shore-line out to a distance (which may be anywhere) (from a few miles to a few hundred miles) runs the gentle slope (of the continental shelf), (geologically part of the continents).此句話采用的是全倒裝 形式(即整個(gè)謂語部分置于主語之前的倒裝),正常的語序是The gentle slope (of the continental shelf), (geologically part of the continents) runs from the shore-line out to a distance (which may be anywhere) (from a few miles to a few hundred miles);主語是The gentle slope,謂語動(dòng)詞是runs,from the shore-line out to a distance是介詞短語作地點(diǎn)狀語,of the continental shelf是主語slope的后置定語,geologically part of the continents是前面slope的同位語,which may be anywhere是其前面distance的后置定語,from a few miles to a few hundred miles則是其前面anywhere的后置定語(anywhere可作為名詞)。

【詞匯精記】  shore-line 海岸線;run 延伸;gentle 紳士的,緩和的;slope 斜坡;continental 大陸的,大洲的;shelf 架子;the continental shelf 大陸架;geologically 地質(zhì)學(xué)上。

12. Along with this disparagement of a compliment is the American tendency to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses.

【翻譯演練】  ______________________________

【參考譯文】  不僅僅鄙視溜須拍馬,美國(guó)人還往往自嘲自己的錯(cuò)誤并承認(rèn)自己的弱點(diǎn)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Along with this disparagement (of a compliment) is the American tendency (to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses).此句結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝:Along with this disparagement(表語)+is(系動(dòng)詞)+the American tendency(主語);第一個(gè)括號(hào)表達(dá)of a compliment是其前面disparagement的后置定語,句末括號(hào)表達(dá)to laugh at...則是前面tendency的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  along with(相當(dāng)于together with)和……一起;disparagement 藐視;compliment 恭維;tendency 趨勢(shì);laugh at 嘲笑;admit 承認(rèn);weakness 弱點(diǎn)。

13. In the midst of it came unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of the President of the United States declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________

【參考譯文】  在此期間,收音機(jī)突然插播了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的講話,宣布因不明敵國(guó)的導(dǎo)彈正接近美國(guó)本土,全國(guó)進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  In the midst of it came (unexpectedly) (over the radio) the announcement (of the President of the United States) (declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching ).此句話采用的是全倒裝 形式(即整個(gè)謂語部分置于主語之前的倒裝),正常的語序是:The announcement...came (unexpectedly) (over the radio) in the midst of it;此句的主語是The announcement,謂語是came,unexpectedly和over the radio是方式狀語,in the midst of it是時(shí)間狀語,句末兩個(gè)括號(hào)中的of...和declaring...是主語the announcement的后置定語;此外值得關(guān)注的是畫線部分for suspected enemy missiles approaching,它是declaring的原因狀語,介詞for后的中心詞是approaching,enemy missiles后省略了“'”,即enemy missiles' approaching(即動(dòng)名詞的所有格)。

【詞匯精記】  in the midst of 在……期間;over the radio (相當(dāng)于on the radio)通過收音機(jī);announcement 宣告;emergency 緊急;a state of emergency 緊急狀態(tài);suspect 懷疑;missile 導(dǎo)彈;approach 接近。

14. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad".

【翻譯演練】  _______________________

【參考譯文】  出于對(duì)事物的情感經(jīng)歷,我們擁有了一致的社會(huì)情感,即特定的事物是“好”的,而其他的事物則是“壞”的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Out of our emotional experience (with objects and events) comes a social feeling (of agreement) (that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad").此句采用的是全倒裝 形式(即整個(gè)謂語部分置于主語之前的倒裝),正常的語序是 A social feeling (of agreement) (that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad") comes out of our emotional experience (with objects and events);顯然,主語是A social feeling,謂語是comes,畫線的介詞短語out of...是地點(diǎn)狀語;of agreement是前面主語feeling的后置定語,that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad"是前面主語feeling的同位語,解釋其內(nèi)容;介詞短語with objects and events則是其前面experience的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  emotional 感情的,情感的;experience 經(jīng)歷;object 物體;objects and events 事物。

15. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations.

【翻譯演練】  ___________________________________

【參考譯文】  可以想象,這種獲得習(xí)慣的能力能夠像對(duì)特定環(huán)境所作的明確反應(yīng)一樣,可以被繼承下來。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  The ability (to acquire habits) can be conceivably inherited just as much// as can definite responses (to narrow situations) .句子的主干是第一段,主語是The ability,后面的to acquire habits是后置定語,謂語是can be inherited,conceivably是副詞作狀語,as much相當(dāng)于so much是程度狀語,表示謂語“被繼承”的程度;第二段是as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,和前面的as形成搭配as...as,值得關(guān)注的是此比較狀語從句主語過長(zhǎng),為避免頭重腳輕,此句采取倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),其正常語序是as definite responses to narrow situations can,can后省略了和主句相同的動(dòng)詞be inherited,以避免重復(fù)。

【詞匯精記】  acquire 獲得;conceivably 可以想象地;inherit 繼承;definite 明確的;response (to) 反應(yīng);narrow 狹窄的。

16. Coincident with concerns about the acceleration loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  在關(guān)注物種及其生存環(huán)境加速滅絕的同時(shí),我們?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到生物多樣化(即特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量)對(duì)于地球健康和人類利益的重要性。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Coincident with concerns (about the acceleration loss) (of species and habitats) has been a growing appreciation (of the importance) (of biological diversity), the number (of species) (in a particular ecosystem), (to the health of the Earth and human well-being).此句結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝: coincident with...(表語)+ has been (系動(dòng)詞)+... appreciation (主語)+ of ...(后置定語);具體而言,about the acceleration loss和of species and habitats是各自前面名詞的后置定語,of the importance和of biological diversity亦是各自前面名詞的后置定語,畫線的the number是diversity的同位語,對(duì)diversity進(jìn)行解釋,其后面的of species是the number的后置定語,緊隨其后的in a particular ecosystem則是其前面species的后置定語;最值得關(guān)注的是句末括號(hào)表達(dá),介詞to短語實(shí)際上和雙逗號(hào)前面的of biological diversity一樣,作前面importance的后置定語,但在形式上被雙逗號(hào)中間的同位語分隔。

【詞匯精記】  be coincident with 和……同時(shí)發(fā)生,巧合;concern (about) 對(duì)……的關(guān)注;acceleration 加速;loss 損失,喪失;species 物種;habitat 棲息地,生存環(huán)境;appreciation 欣賞,感激,理解;biological 生物的;diversity 多樣化;particular 特定的,具體的;ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng);well-being 福祉,福利,利益。

17. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded program has.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________

【參考譯文】  他們也將擁有和該記錄欄目制作人相同的選擇權(quán)利。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  And at their disposal will be the same options (the producer of the recorded program (has).此句結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝:at their disposal(表語)+will be(系動(dòng)詞)+the same options(主語)+the producer of the recorded program has(省略了that的定語從句)。

【詞匯精記】  at one's disposal 在某人的控制下(掌管中);option 選擇;producer 生產(chǎn)者,制作者;record 紀(jì)錄,登記;program 項(xiàng)目,節(jié)目。

18. From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps.

【翻譯演練】  _____________________________

【參考譯文】  從原理的展示,到基于該原理生產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品的上市銷售,往往需要一系列長(zhǎng)期而又復(fù)雜的步驟。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   From the demonstration (of a principle) to the marketing (of products) (derived from that principle) is often a long, involved series of steps.此句結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝: From the demonstration... to the marketing...(表語)+ is (系動(dòng)詞)+a... series of steps(主語);括號(hào)中的成分是各自前面名詞的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  demonstration 演示,展示;principle 原則,原理;marketing 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(此處-ing,故不能理解為“市場(chǎng)”);derive from 源于;involved (adj.) 復(fù)雜的;a series of 一系列的;step 步驟。

19. Inside the pannier were about ten of the little red notebooks I take everywhere for jotting down ideas for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like.

【翻譯演練】  ___________________________

【參考譯文】  在掛籃里有大約十個(gè)紅色的小筆記本,無論去哪里我總隨身帶著以記錄下文章、短篇故事、電視劇諸如此類事物的靈感。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Inside the pannier were about ten of the little red notebooks //{I take everywhere for jotting down ideas (for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like)}.此句結(jié)構(gòu)是表系主倒裝: inside the pannier(表語)+ were (系動(dòng)詞)+... notebooks ...(主語)+(后置定語);在第二段的定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that被省略;畫線的斜體表達(dá)分別是地點(diǎn)狀語everywhere和目的狀語for...,表示take這一從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和目的;括號(hào)里的成分則是介詞短語for...作目的狀語,但它卻用來修飾jotting down,表示其目的。

【詞匯精記】  pannier 掛籃(掛在自行車尾座上);notebook 筆記本;jot down 快速記錄;article 文章,物品,冠詞;TV show 電視表演;the like 諸如此類的事物。

20. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  例如,它們并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公,因此它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人,如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話,會(huì)有多大才干。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality,//and thus do not tell {how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances }.此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+兩個(gè)并列的謂語:主語是they,謂語分別是畫線的do not compensate for和thus do not tell,它們后面是各自的賓語成分:前者的賓語是gross social inequality,后者的賓語是how引導(dǎo)的名詞從句(括號(hào)部分); how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,畫線表達(dá)是虛擬條件狀語從句,前面是主干;此外,該賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞采用的是虛擬語氣形式,尤其是后邊畫線的虛擬條件狀語從句還采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):had he grown up under more favorable circumstances,它實(shí)際等于If he had grown up...。

【詞匯精記】  compensate for 彌補(bǔ);gross 毛的,總的,明顯的(常貶義);inequality 不公平,不平等;thus 因此;underprivileged 貧困的,物質(zhì)條件差的;favorable 有利的;under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環(huán)境下。

21. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  在自然界中找不到任何單獨(dú)存在的鋁,這是因?yàn)樗偸呛推渌脑亟Y(jié)合在一起,尤其是常和氧結(jié)合在一起。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free,//owing to its always being combined with other elements , (most commonly with oxygen).句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是第一段,采用了否定副詞置于句首倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,正常語序是Aluminum is found free nowhere in nature;第二段是owing to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語,表示前面第一段主句發(fā)生的原因;句末括號(hào)中的成分是插入語,對(duì)前面的信息進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充解釋。

【詞匯精記】  aluminum 鋁;in nature 在自然界,在本質(zhì)上;free 自由的,獨(dú)立的;owing to 由于;be combined with 和……結(jié)合在一起;element 元素;commonly 通常;oxygen 氧氣。

22. Among these books is included a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  在這些書中有一本辭典,是他父親送給他作為生日禮物的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Among these books is included a dictionary (that his father gave him as a birthday present).此句是全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常語序是A dictionary (that his father gave him as a birthday present) is included among these books ;括號(hào)中的that從句是主語dictionary的后置定語從句,among these books是地點(diǎn)狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞,表示其發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。

【詞匯精記】  present 禮物。

23. From all such fears camping releases him.

【翻譯演練】  ______________________________

【參考譯文】  野營(yíng)使他擺脫了所有這些恐懼。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   From all such fears camping releases him.此句的正常語序是Camping releases him from all such fears;句中的release和from形成搭配,但出于強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的目的,介詞from短語被置于句首,這就是成分前置的情形(因謂語的位置仍在主語之后,所以此結(jié)構(gòu)不是嚴(yán)格意義上的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  release sb. from... 從……中釋放某人;camping 野營(yíng)。

24. To such motives, yet another must be added.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  然而,除了這些目的以外,還得加上一個(gè)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   To such motives , yet another must be added .此句的正常語序是Yet another must be added to such motives;句中的add和to形成搭配,但出于強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的目的,介詞to短語被置于句首,這就是成分前置的情形(因謂語的位置仍在主語之后,所以此結(jié)構(gòu)不是嚴(yán)格意義上的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  motive 動(dòng)機(jī);add...to 把……加在……。

25. To this pleasure, camping gives an exquisite refinement.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  野營(yíng)會(huì)給這種快樂增加一種優(yōu)雅意境。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   To this pleasure , camping gives an exquisite refinement.此句的正常語序是Camping gives an exquisite refinement to this pleasure;句中的謂語動(dòng)詞gives和to形成搭配give sth. to sb.,但出于強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的,介詞to短語被置于句首,這就是成分前置的情形(因謂語的位置仍在主語之后,所以此結(jié)構(gòu)不是嚴(yán)格意義上的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  pleasure 快樂,樂事;exquisite 精美的;refinement 優(yōu)雅,精致(服務(wù)),精煉。

26. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the chambermaid.

【翻譯演練】  _________________________________

【參考譯文】  他可能很富有,但給打掃房間的女服務(wù)員多少小費(fèi),心中卻根本沒數(shù)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Affluent he may be,//but he is by no means sure what to tip the chambermaid .此句是連詞but連接兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句,主干結(jié)構(gòu)亦可理解為may...but...“或許……但是”句型;重點(diǎn)是第一段:形容詞表語affluent置于句首是成分前置,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序是He may be affluent;第二段中,主語是he,謂語是系動(dòng)詞is,表語是sure,by no means相當(dāng)于否定詞,句末畫線表達(dá)what to tip the chambermaid是復(fù)合不定式(特殊疑問詞+不定式),相當(dāng)于名詞,作be sure的賓語。

【詞匯精記】  affluent 富足的,富裕的;by no means 決不;tip (vt.) 付小費(fèi);chambermaid 打掃房間的女服務(wù)員。

27. Poor though you might be, you cannot live all your life on charity.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________________

【參考譯文】  即使你或許貧困,也不能讓自己的生活完全依賴別人的救濟(jì)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Poor though you might be,//you cannot live all your life on charity.此句是由連詞though連接的一個(gè)復(fù)合句;在though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,形容詞表語poor被前置到句首,以加強(qiáng)語氣表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序是Though you might be poor,屬成分前置的情形(因謂語的位置仍在主語之后,所以此結(jié)構(gòu)不是嚴(yán)格意義上的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  live one's life on 把生活建立在……基礎(chǔ)上;charity 慈善,救濟(jì)。

28. Strange though it may appear, it is true.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________________

【參考譯文】  盡管貌似奇怪,卻是事實(shí)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Strange though it may appear,//it is true.此句是由連詞though連接的一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,第一段是讓步狀語從句,第二段是主干;在though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,形容詞表語strange被前置到句首,以加強(qiáng)語氣表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序是Though it may appear strange,屬典型的成分前置情形(因謂語的位置仍在主語之后,所以此結(jié)構(gòu)不是嚴(yán)格意義上的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))。

【詞匯精記】  appear (相當(dāng)于seem)似乎;strange 奇怪的。

29. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.

【翻譯演練】  ______________________________________

【參考譯文】  盡管我們可以對(duì)我們的審美力感到很驕傲,但我們?cè)僖膊荒茏杂傻剡x購(gòu)我們所需之物了,因?yàn)閺V告在我們身上施加著一種潛移默化的影響力。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,//we are no longer free to choose the things (we want),//for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.此句可分為三段,第一段是Much as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,加強(qiáng)主句內(nèi)容的語氣;第二段是主句;第三段是for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,表示主句內(nèi)容發(fā)生的原因;重點(diǎn)是第一段的結(jié)構(gòu): Much as ...在本質(zhì)上是adv./adj./etc.+as...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,在結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于成分前置的情形,以表強(qiáng)調(diào)( 不屬于倒裝,僅是成分前置,因?yàn)橹髡Z和謂語的位置并未改變),例如:

Beautiful as she is, she is pretty selfish. 盡管很漂亮,她卻很自私; (Beautiful是is的表語)

Fast as she ran, she lost the game. 盡管她跑得很快,卻輸?shù)袅吮荣悺?(Fast是動(dòng)詞ran的程度狀語)

【詞匯精記】  Much as (可作為一固定搭配,理解為although之意)盡管;pride oneself on 對(duì)……感到驕傲;taste 口味,品味,愛好;no longer 不再;advertising 廣告行為;subtle 微妙的;exert 施加;exert a subtle influence on 對(duì)……施加潛移默化的影響。

30. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of the scientist's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.

【翻譯演練】  ______________________________

【參考譯文】  還有一個(gè)科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:大腦內(nèi)部最顯著的變化出現(xiàn)在那些很小就接受訓(xùn)練的老鼠中間,這一實(shí)驗(yàn)也暗示,年輕人的大腦通過訓(xùn)練或許能夠促進(jìn)腦力的發(fā)育。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another (of the scientist's experiments) (that showed) the most significant changes (in the brain) occurred among rats (that had been exercised when very young) .此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,采用的是全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是: Another (of the scientist's experiments) (that showed) the most significant changes (in the brain) occurred among rats (that had been exercised when very young) // suggested young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise .此句的主語是another,謂語動(dòng)詞是suggested,句末畫線部分是suggested的賓語從句,省略了連接詞that;但此句的難點(diǎn)卻出現(xiàn)在主語的部分,即第一段中:括號(hào)中的of...短語是主語another的后置定語,其后括號(hào)中that引導(dǎo)的從句是experiments的定語從句,緊隨其后的畫線部分是動(dòng)詞showed的賓語從句(省略了連接詞that,主語是changes,謂語是occurred,狀語是among rats),在賓語從句中括號(hào)里的in the brain是其前面changes的后置定語,that had been...則是其前面rats的后置定語從句;此句之所以倒裝是因?yàn)橹髡Z過長(zhǎng),要避免頭重腳輕之故。

【詞匯精記】  brain 大腦;especially 尤其地,特別地;boost 促進(jìn);brain power 腦力;suggest 暗示,表明;significant 有意義的,重要的,顯著的;significant changes 顯著的變化;occur 發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)。

31. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds.

【翻譯演練】  _________________________________

【參考譯文】  公民擁有相似宗教信仰和價(jià)值觀的文化,要比公民來自不同背景的文化,更有可能產(chǎn)生代表民意的法律。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  A culture (in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values) is more likely to have laws (that represent the wishes of its people)// than is a culture (where citizens come from diverse backgrounds).此句以比較連詞than為界,分為兩段;第一段是句子的主干,主語是A culture,后面括號(hào)中的in which引導(dǎo)定語從句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,謂語部分是is more likely to have,賓語是laws,此后的that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾laws;第二段是than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,此狀語從句中,主語是a culture,謂語is,句末括號(hào)中的表達(dá)where citizens come from diverse backgrounds是定語從句,修飾先行詞a culture,所以此從句的主語較長(zhǎng);為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)得以平衡,此比較狀語從句采用倒裝形式,正常的語序是a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds is;而is后面在本質(zhì)上則是省略了likely,以避免和主句相關(guān)表達(dá)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)。

【詞匯精記】  share 分享;similar 相似的;religious belief 宗教信仰;value 價(jià)值,價(jià)值觀;be likely to do 有可能……;represent 代表;the wishes of the people 民意;diverse 不同的,各種各樣的;background 背景。

32. The Second World War, as did the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country human resources.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  就像1914年的上一次世界大戰(zhàn)一樣,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)亦推動(dòng)了公眾對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)家人力資源身體和精神福利的關(guān)注。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  The Second World War, as did the earlier one of 1914 , prompted public concern (about the physical and intellectual well-being) (of the country human resources).此句的主語是The Second World War,謂語動(dòng)詞是prompted,賓語是public concern;括號(hào)中的兩個(gè)介詞短語是各自前面名詞的后置定語;值得關(guān)注的是插入句中的as...(畫線部位),它引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,主語是the earlier one of 1914,謂語動(dòng)詞是代動(dòng)詞did(代替主句的謂語動(dòng)詞短語prompted public concern,以避免重復(fù)),此部分因主語較長(zhǎng),謂語did較短,故采取了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

【詞匯精記】  the Second World War 第二次世界大戰(zhàn);prompt 推動(dòng),促使;concern (about) (對(duì)……的)關(guān)注;physical 身體的;intellectual (adj.) 知識(shí)的,智力的,(n.) 知識(shí)分子;well-being 福祉,福利;the physical and intellectual well-being 身體和精神福利;human resources 人力資源。

33. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees-the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  它嘴里還留著冷杉——這是掉進(jìn)冰河裂隙,折斷脊柱之前的最后一段飯。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   In his mouth were the remains (of fir trees)//—the last meal (that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back).破折號(hào)之前的第一段是句子的主干,采用“表系主”形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):In his mouth(表語)+were(系動(dòng)詞)+the remains of fir trees(主語);破折號(hào)后面的第二段中,the last meal是前面the remains of fir trees的同位語,其后面的that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾meal。

【詞匯精記】  remains 遺跡,尸體;fir trees 冷杉樹;crevasse 裂隙,縫隙。

34. So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  現(xiàn)在我們自己動(dòng)手做事的熱情很高,結(jié)果對(duì)于專業(yè)工人的依賴越來越少了。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   So great is our passion (for doing things for ourselves),// that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.此句的第一段是句子的主干,第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句;第一段是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),So+adj./adv.置于句首采用倒裝結(jié)

構(gòu),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序形式是Our passion (...) is so great that...;第一段中的括號(hào)部分是其前面名詞passion的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  passion (for) 對(duì)……的激情,熱情;be dependent on 依賴于;specialized 專門的,專業(yè)的;specialized labor 專業(yè)勞動(dòng)力(工人)。

35. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

【翻譯演練】  ____________________________

【參考譯文】  孩子們變得如此沉溺于電腦,以至于電腦夏令營(yíng)的負(fù)責(zé)人往往不得不強(qiáng)迫他們停下來做些體育比賽活動(dòng)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   So involved with their computers do the children become// that leaders (at summer computer camps) often have to force them to break for sports and games.此句的第一段是句子的主干,第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句;第一段是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),So+adj./adv.置于句首采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序形式是The children become so involved with their computers that...。

【詞匯精記】  be involved with 被卷入,參與;camp 營(yíng)地;force sb. to do 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事;break 停止,打破;sports and games 體育比賽。

36. So faint had been the noise that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________________

【參考譯文】  聲音是如此的輕微,以至于沒有人想到這艘船已遭損壞。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   So faint had been the noise// that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.此句的第一段是句子的主干,第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句;第一段是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),So+adj./adv.置于句首采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序形式是The noise had been so faint that...。

【詞匯精記】  faint 微弱的;damage 損壞。

37. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________________

【參考譯文】  他講話的聲音很大,即使隔壁房間的人也能聽到。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   So loudly did he speak// that even people (in the next room) could hear him.此句的第一段是句子的主干,第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句;第一段是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),So+adj./adv.置于句首采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序形式是He speak so loudly that...;第二段中的括號(hào)內(nèi)容是其前面people的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】  the next room 隔壁房間。

38. Had he not been so busy taking the diamonds, he would have felt the blow.

【翻譯演練】  ________________________________

【參考譯文】  如果他不是一直忙于拿鉆石,應(yīng)早已感覺到了打擊之痛。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Had he not been so busy taking the diamonds, he would have felt the blow.此句是個(gè)典型的主從復(fù)合句:逗號(hào)前面是條件狀語從句,后面才是句子的主干;主干的主語是he,謂語動(dòng)詞是would have felt(采用的是虛擬語氣形式),賓語是blow;逗號(hào)前面作為虛擬的條件狀語從句,采用了倒裝形式,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),正常的語序是 If he had not been so..., he would have felt...。

【詞匯精記】  be busy doing 忙于做某事;diamond 鉆石;blow 打擊。

39. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

【翻譯演練】  _______________________________

【參考譯文】  許多人常常愿意放棄較高的薪水以換取作白領(lǐng)工人的殊榮,此乃人之常情。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Such is human nature,// that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege (of becoming white collar workers).此句是由兩段組成,第一段是重點(diǎn),由Such引導(dǎo)倒裝句,正常的形式是Human nature is such that...;第二段是that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,對(duì)其前面代詞such的內(nèi)容作出解釋說明,此從句中,句末括號(hào)表達(dá)是前面the privilege的后置定語( 有人可能會(huì)把such...that...視為一搭配結(jié)構(gòu),故將that從句視作結(jié)果狀語從句)。

【詞匯精記】  human nature 人性;a great many 相當(dāng)多的(修飾可數(shù)名詞);be willing to do 愿意做某事;sacrifice A for B 犧牲A換取B;higher pay 較高的薪水;privilege 特權(quán),好處;collar 衣領(lǐng);white collar workers 白領(lǐng)工人。

40. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships.

【翻譯演練】  _________________________________

【參考譯文】  于是就產(chǎn)生了回聲探測(cè)儀,目前,它普遍用于各種船舶。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, ( now in general use in ships ).此句逗號(hào)前面是句子的主干,采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);此處的倒裝較靈活特殊,和so沒有關(guān)系,因?yàn)榇颂幍腟o并不表示程度副詞“如此地”,而是因果副詞“因此”之意;之所以謂語動(dòng)詞was born被置于主語the echo-sounding apparatus之前,是因?yàn)橹髡Z后面有一個(gè)非限制性定語(括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)于which is now in general use in ships),為了避免頭重腳輕結(jié)構(gòu)的不平衡,才采用倒裝形式;正裝的語序是So the echo-sounding apparatus, (now in general use in ships) was born。

【詞匯精記】  echo 回聲;sound 探測(cè);apparatus 裝置;the echo-sounding apparatus 回聲探測(cè)裝置;be in use 被使用的狀態(tài);be in general use 被普遍使用的狀態(tài)。

41. Scattered around the city are more than 100 branch banks.

【翻譯演練】  ________________________________

【參考譯文】  一百多個(gè)銀行分支機(jī)構(gòu)散布在城市的各個(gè)區(qū)域。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】   Scattered around the city are more than 100 branch banks .此句結(jié)構(gòu)采用的模式是過去分詞短語 +be +名詞主語 (常有后置定語修飾),類似于表系主倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序是More than 100 branch banks are scattered around the city。

【詞匯精記】  scatter 驅(qū)散,散布;be scattered around 被分散在……各處;branch 分支的。

42. They do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【翻譯演練】  _____________________________

【參考譯文】  他們不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公,因此也不能說明一個(gè)貧窮的年輕人如果在較好的環(huán)境當(dāng)中成長(zhǎng)起來他將會(huì)有多大才干。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  They do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell {how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances .}此句的主語是They,謂語是并列的do not compensate for和do not tell; tell后面是how引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作賓語(即賓語從句);此賓語從句是個(gè)典型的主從復(fù)合句,前面的表達(dá)是主干,后面的畫線部分是虛擬的條件狀語從句,它采用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),省略了if,正常的語序形式是: if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。

【詞匯精記】  compensate for 彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償;gross 毛的,總的,明顯的(常貶義),顯然的;inequality 不平等;privileged 有特權(quán)的;underprivileged 條件差的,貧窮的;youngster 年輕人;grow up 成長(zhǎng);favorable 有利的;under more favorable circumstances 在更加有利的環(huán)境下。

43. Catching a frog can be a difficult business, be you a human or a bird or a reptile.

【翻譯演練】  __________________________

【參考譯文】  無論是人、是鳥,還是爬行動(dòng)物,捉住青蛙都是一件困難的事情。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】  Catching a frog can be a difficult business,// be you a human or a bird or a reptile.第一段是句子的主干,其中主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Catching a frog ,謂語動(dòng)詞是can be,表語是a difficult business;第二段是whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句加強(qiáng)語氣,但此處采用的是“虛擬+省略+倒裝”這一特殊形式,即正常語序是:whether you be a human or a bird or a reptile;be是虛擬語氣的形式(比陳述語氣強(qiáng)烈),whether省略,be提到句首進(jìn)行倒裝,這是一個(gè)非常正式并且語氣極強(qiáng)的表達(dá)。例如:

Porpoises are intrigued with anything that is alive, be it bird, fish or beast. 海豚對(duì)任何有生命之物皆感興趣,無論是鳥,是魚還是獸。

【詞匯精記】  frog 青蛙;business 生意,企業(yè),正經(jīng)事,事情;reptile 爬行動(dòng)物。


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