主語從句長(zhǎng)難句分類解析

主語從句長(zhǎng)難句分類解析

1. That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.

【翻譯演練】 　___________________________

【參考譯文】 　所有砍伐的木材有多達(dá)四分之一沒有被利用，結(jié)果證明這是錯(cuò)誤的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　( That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used) proved to be false.句子的主干是：That引導(dǎo)名詞從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞是proved，to be false是不定式作表語；在主語從句中，主語是timber，as much as one-fourth of all是主語timber的前置定語，harvested是timber的后置定語，謂語是is not used；此句中that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句置于句首，表面上看頭重腳輕，實(shí)際上這是一種語言修辭，是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)手段。

【詞匯精記】 　as much as 多達(dá)；timber 木材；harvest 收割，收獲；prove to be 結(jié)果證明是。

2. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

【翻譯演練】 　__________________________

【參考譯文】 　政府究竟是應(yīng)減少對(duì)技術(shù)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)力量。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： whether the Government...or vice versa depends on the issue (of which...)；whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作句子的主語，謂語是動(dòng)詞短語depends on，賓語是the issue，其后面的of which...是介詞短語作the issue的后置定語。值得注意的是在of后面，which引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句，作介詞of的賓語（即賓語從句）。故此句有兩個(gè)名詞性從句，whether和which各引導(dǎo)一個(gè)，分別作句子主語和介詞賓語。

【詞匯精記】 　此處的finance因?yàn)橛?ing結(jié)尾，故是動(dòng)詞用法，意為“財(cái)政支持”，不能簡(jiǎn)單地理解為名詞詞義“財(cái)政”；pure 純粹的；pure science 純科學(xué)；expense 消費(fèi)，花費(fèi)；at the expense of（相當(dāng)于at the price/cost of）以……為代價(jià)；drive 驅(qū)趕，驅(qū)動(dòng)；the driving force 動(dòng)力，驅(qū)動(dòng)力量。

3. Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.

【翻譯演練】 　_________________________________

【參考譯文】 　有組織野營(yíng)活動(dòng)的顯著增長(zhǎng)是否意味著較獨(dú)立野營(yíng)活動(dòng)的消亡還很難說。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　( Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind ) is hard to say.括號(hào)中whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是此句的主語，謂語是系動(dòng)詞is，hard是表語，to say是狀語；括號(hào)中的主語從句里，主語是growth，謂語動(dòng)詞是means，賓語是death，remarkable和of organized camping是從句主語growth的前、后置定語，eventual和of the more independent kind是從句賓語death的前、后置定語。

【詞匯精記】 　remarkable 顯著的，非同尋常的；growth 增長(zhǎng)；camping 野營(yíng)，露營(yíng)；organized camping 有組織的野營(yíng)；mean 意味著；eventual 最終的；independent 獨(dú)立的。

4. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams.

【翻譯演練】 　_____________________________________

【參考譯文】 　這些體育管理者還認(rèn)為電視正在給那些低調(diào)球隊(duì)帶來傷害。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　( It ) is also (the argument of these sports executives) ( that television is harming the modest teams).其中，it是形式主語，為避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的頭重腳輕，代替了that主語從句，此句的正常句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為(That television...) is also (the argument of...)。

【詞匯精記】 　argument 主張，觀點(diǎn)（在閱讀中不要總機(jī)械地理解為“爭(zhēng)執(zhí)／爭(zhēng)議”）；executive 行政人員，管理人員；modest 謙虛的，此處引申為“低調(diào)的”。

5. It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.

【翻譯演練】 　____________________________

【參考譯文】 　二三十頁資料的思想和情報(bào)會(huì)讓當(dāng)今的世界天翻地覆，甚至毀滅這個(gè)世界。這是個(gè)離奇的想法，不過我認(rèn)為它是正確的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is a strange thought, but (I believe) a correct one,// that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.此句中第一段是句子的主干，It是形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，謂語動(dòng)詞是is，表語是并列名詞短語a strange thought but a correct one，括號(hào)里的I believe是插入語；在第二段that引導(dǎo)的主語從句里，twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information是從句主語，would be capable of是謂語部分，其后面的并列動(dòng)名詞短語turning...or even destroying...是從句的賓語。

【詞匯精記】 　a strange thought 奇怪的想法；be capable of 能夠；present-day 現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)今的；the present-day world 當(dāng)今世界；turn...upside down 把……搞個(gè)天翻地覆。

6. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions.

【翻譯演練】 　____________________________

【參考譯文】 　盡管事實(shí)上我們都需要一個(gè)職業(yè)，但同樣的事實(shí)是：我們的文明在那些被冷落的領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)集聚了大量的知識(shí)，并且如果對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)加以學(xué)習(xí)研究，我們的生活將會(huì)更加美好。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)為：While it 's true that ...,// it is equally true that ...and that ...；第一段中，while（相當(dāng)于although）引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，從句里面it是形式主語，代替后面that引導(dǎo)的主語從句that we all need a career；第二段是主句，結(jié)構(gòu)是形式主語it代替兩個(gè)并列的that主語從句；在并列的第一個(gè)that從句中，far removed from our own是過去分詞短語作fields的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】 　career 事業(yè)；equally 同等地；civilization 文明；accumulate 積累，積聚；incredible 令人難以置信的；amount 數(shù)量（常用于不可數(shù)名詞）；field 領(lǐng)域，田野；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)（后常接介詞to）；fields far removed from our own “我們生活中被刪除的領(lǐng)域”，即“被我們冷落／疏遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域”；while it's true that..., it's equally true that... 可提煉為寫作句型“盡管事實(shí)上……但同樣的事實(shí)是……”（例如：While it's true that he is not intelligent, it's equally true that he is very diligent. 盡管他不聰明是事實(shí)，但他相當(dāng)勤奮，這亦是事實(shí)）。

7. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty.

【翻譯演練】 　_____________________________

【參考譯文】 　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的最不愉快的事實(shí)之一就是：我們必然會(huì)這樣老去；即使我們能避開戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、意外事故和各種疾病，我們也最終會(huì)壽終正寢；并且人與人之間的幾率相差無幾，我們最有可能死去的年齡在六十五至八十歲之間。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries (which we all make) that we must decline in this way,// that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age,// and that this happens at a rate (which differs little from person to person), so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. 此句it是形式主語，代替后面三個(gè)并列的that名詞性從句；which we all make是其前面discoveries的定語從句；第二個(gè)that從句是一個(gè)較復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句：if we escape wars, accidents and diseases是條件狀語從句，后面we shall...才是主干；第三個(gè)that從句尤其復(fù)雜：主語this指代前一個(gè)that從句內(nèi)容，happens是謂語動(dòng)詞，at a rate是方式狀語，which differs little from person to person引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾rate，so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句修飾動(dòng)詞happens，表示其結(jié)果。

【詞匯精記】 　make a discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)；decline 減弱；in this way 通過這一方式；escape 逃避，避免；eventually 最終；die of 死于（常為內(nèi)因；外因用die from）；at a rate 以……幾率；there are heavy odds in favor of...（句型）很有可能會(huì)……。

8. It is recounted of Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's.

【翻譯演練】 　_____________________________

【參考譯文】 　據(jù)說Carlyle有過這樣一回事：他聽說朋友Henry病了，就立刻跑去看他，衣袋里裝上了他妻子不舒服時(shí)吃剩下的一瓶藥。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is recounted of Carlyle// that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying (with him) (in his pocket) what remained of a bottle of medicine (formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's).第一段是此句的主干，主語是形式主語It（指代后面真正的that主語從句），謂語動(dòng)詞是is recounted，of Carlyle是范圍狀語； 介詞of此處是“關(guān)于”的意思，相當(dāng)于about。難點(diǎn)在于that從句是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句：when引導(dǎo)的從句（斜體部分）是時(shí)間狀語從句，其中Henry是friend同位語；he went off immediately to visit him才是that從句的主干；緊隨其后的carrying是went off的伴隨狀語，它的賓語是畫線部分的what從句，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)的緣故（避免頭重腳輕）被后置，和carrying發(fā)生了分隔，而with him和in his pocket則分別是carrying的伴隨和方式狀語；最后面的formerly prescribed...是過去分詞短語作其前面medicine的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】 　recount 敘述，記載；hear of 聽說；formerly 先前，從前；prescribe 開藥方；indisposition 小恙，不舒服。