中醫(yī)方法教你掌握考研英語閱讀理解解題技巧
中醫(yī)看病講究“望”、“聞”、“問”、“切”，考研閱讀解題過程也可以分為這四步：
望：掃描題干，畫關(guān)鍵詞
聞：通讀全文，抓出中心
問：仔細審題，返回原文
切：重疊選項，得出答案
下面，劉老師將分別講解這四步的操作方法及作用：
1. 望：掃描題干，畫關(guān)鍵詞
也就是說要迅速掃讀題干，標出其中的關(guān)鍵詞，比如大寫字母，人名，地名，數(shù)字，時間及核心實義詞等，尤其是在所有題干出出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多于兩次的詞匯，這些詞匯表達的內(nèi)容往往是文章的中心所在。那么這么做的作用何在呢?
2000 T1中4個題干分別是
1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.
2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.
那么，從這些題干中，我們可以把握這篇文章的主要寫的美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程，即美國經(jīng)濟在二戰(zhàn)后處于主導(dǎo)地位， 80年代失去了其主導(dǎo)地位，90年代美國經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇。對于文章的脈絡(luò)有了清晰的了解，理解文章就事半功倍了。
2000 T3 中題干分別為
1.. This passage is mainly ________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
2. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.
3. Futurists claim that we must ________.
4. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________
第一題問文章主旨，2題提到一種新的文學(xué)思想，3題提到未來主義者，4題提到未來主義詩歌，故本篇主要講的應(yīng)該是未來主義詩歌的問題，文章主旨即A review of Futurist poetry.
為何如此?因為一篇文章，要判斷學(xué)生是否能夠完全理解，主要要看能否理解文章主要傳達的意義，故考研閱讀所有的閱讀題目基本都圍繞著文章主旨展開，把握題干中多次出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，就把握住了文章的中心。把握文章中心，既又有利于理解文章，也能夠直接作出某些題目。
2. 聞：通讀全文，抓出中心
通讀全文 :即通讀 a. 文章首段;b.其余各段首; c.文章末段首末句
抓住中心：即閱讀過程中要思考兩個問題：a. 文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么，有無核心概念; b. 作者對此態(tài)度如何?正面的?反面的?
2000 Text 3中，首句與其余各段首句內(nèi)容如下
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says:
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.
根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容，看看下面的題目是不是都很容易做出來?
59. This passage is mainly ________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art [B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement [D] about laws and requirements of literature
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.
[A] determine its purposes [B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions [D] accept the principles
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of basic change in human nature
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
3. 問：仔細審題，返回原文
仔細審題即要把握住命題者意圖，命題者意圖是得分關(guān)鍵
返回原文，最重要的是，要從題干的關(guān)鍵詞出發(fā)，延伸到某一點，定位。定位原則有三：
?、俣温涠ㄎ唬撼鲱}順序與行文順序大體一致。
②題干定位：由題干出發(fā)，尋找題干中關(guān)鍵的信息。 首選大寫字母，人名，地名，數(shù)字，時間等，然后是核心實義詞定位。
③選項信息定位
4. 切：重疊選項，得出答案
重疊選項：將選項與原文表述仔細比對，重疊選項需要考慮的是選項陳述是否與原文一致。得出答案之前還需要考慮即便該選項與原文一致，但它是不是題目所需要的答案。近來來出現(xiàn)很多所答非所問的選項。在解答過程中，還需要注意正確答案往往是對原文內(nèi)容的同義替換，而非照搬原詞。同義替換有三種:①近義詞替換或改寫;②下義詞---上義詞替換; ③具體名詞---抽象名詞替換
除此之外，還需要同學(xué)們注意，正確答案通常所具備的特征：
1. 正確答案通常與文章的主旨思想中心有關(guān);
2. 正確答案具有概括性、深刻性;
3. 正確答案出題時運用的原則：原文信息的同義改寫;原文信息的正話反說、反話正說;原文信息的歸納總結(jié);
4. 正確答案常含有緩和語氣的詞，如may, might, possible, unnecessarily, some等;
5. 正確答案在文章中所處的位置在段首、段尾、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系處(but, yet, nevertheless, in fact)、因果關(guān)系處(because, owing to, so that)、條件關(guān)系處(if)、讓步關(guān)系處(though, although)。
考研閱讀解題的每一步都要步步驚心，如此便能步步得分。望各位同學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)順利，金榜題名。
