英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘471 你的心臟夠強(qiáng)大嗎？

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Bradycardia

Don: Yaël, isn't normal heart rate somewhere between sixty to one hundred beats per minute?

Yaël: That's right, Don. Why?

D: This would be the one time you don't correct me. My heart rate is only 44 beats per minute. That means I have bradycardia. Oh, Yaël, I may be dying.

Y: Hold up! Yes, bradycardia is the term for a heart rate slower than about sixty beats per minute, but bradycardia doesn’t necessarily mean you’re not in perfectly good health. In well-conditioned athletes, bradycardia is a result of being in such good shape that the heart beats more efficiently, and so it doesn’t need to beat as quickly.

An athlete may have a heart rate as slow as thirty and not show any signs of problems. Also, deep relaxation, such as sleep, slows the heart down.

D: Yeah, yeah! Tell me about the bad news.

Y: Well, bradycardia can also be caused by certain medications, by other disorders such as hyperthyroidism, and by dysfunction of the sinus node. I don’t mean the hollow space behind your nose, but the node inside your heart. The sinus node powers your heart by electrical impulses.

Dysfunction of the sinus node then can cause the heart to beat too slowly to keep up with your body’s need for blood. Lightheadedness, weakness, and fainting are symptoms that a heart may be beating too slowly. In such cases, doctors will remove problem medications, correct the underlying disorder, or insert a pacemaker that fills in for the sinus node.

If symptomatic bradycardia goes untreated, it could lead to death, but that’s easy enough to prevent–just go see your doctor.

心動(dòng)過(guò)緩

Don: Yaël,正常人的心跳次數(shù)是不是60~100次/分?

Yaël: 是啊。有什么問(wèn)題嗎?

D: 難得有這么一次你沒(méi)有糾正我。我的心率僅僅是44次/分，我心動(dòng)過(guò)緩!我的天，Yaël，我很可能就要死啦!

Y: 穩(wěn)住啦!確實(shí)，心動(dòng)過(guò)緩專(zhuān)指心臟跳動(dòng)次數(shù)慢于60次/分。但是，心動(dòng)過(guò)緩并不就是說(shuō)你不健康。對(duì)于那些身體非常健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們來(lái)說(shuō)，心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的情況非常普遍。之所以會(huì)這樣是由于他們的心臟能夠進(jìn)行更加高效的跳動(dòng)，因而，運(yùn)動(dòng)員心臟無(wú)需跳得有多快。

運(yùn)動(dòng)員的心率一般會(huì)低至30次/分，而他們的身體沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，在深度放松的情況下，就比如說(shuō)睡覺(jué)，心率會(huì)自然而然的降低。

D: 嗯，那給我講講不好的方面。

Y: 額，心動(dòng)過(guò)緩也可能是由特殊的藥物治療、甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn)一類(lèi)的機(jī)體功能紊亂、竇房結(jié)(位于右心房外膜上)功能障礙——竇房阻滯等原因引起的。竇房結(jié)并不是指你鼻后中空的地方(此處是因sinus的意思為“穴”，談話(huà)者將sinus與node分開(kāi)來(lái)講)，而是指心臟內(nèi)的一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)。竇房結(jié)通過(guò)電脈沖為心臟提供動(dòng)力。

竇房結(jié)的功能障礙會(huì)使心臟跳動(dòng)過(guò)緩，而無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足身體對(duì)血液的需求。心臟如果跳動(dòng)過(guò)緩就可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)頭暈、身體疲乏、暈厥等癥狀。如果出現(xiàn)這樣的癥狀，醫(yī)生會(huì)采取一定的藥物治療、調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體功能，或是為竇房結(jié)安裝人工心臟起搏器。

由心動(dòng)過(guò)緩引發(fā)的癥狀治療無(wú)效時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡，但是，這樣的情況也相當(dāng)容易預(yù)防——看醫(yī)生就得嘞!