英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘 蒙娜麗莎真的在笑嗎？

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Mona Lisa's Mysterious Smile–Now You See It, Now You Don't

蒙娜麗莎的神秘微笑——你既看見(jiàn)了，又沒(méi)看見(jiàn)

Any list of the world's top ten most famous paintings will surely include da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Part of the painting's appeal is its mystery.

Those lucky enough to have an unobstructed view of the Mona Lisa at the Louvre often stare in awe, baffled by the smile that seems to flicker and fade. Gazing at a reproduction of the work produces the same effect. Now she's smiling, now she's not.

What's the deal with Mona Lisa's smile?

Harvard neuroscientist Margaret Livingstone is pretty sure she's solved the puzzle. Presuming nothing, Livingstone reasoned that the famous portrait's flickering smile is caused by the way we see.

Our eyes use two separate regions to see. One is the fovea, a central area used to see colors and pick out details such as fine print. The area around the fovea is better at detecting motion, shadows, and stark, black and white contrasts.

When we look at a person's face, according to Livingstone, we usually focus centrally on the eyes. Gazing at Mona Lisa's eyes, our less accurate peripheral vision notices the mouth, picking up shadows from the cheekbones.

The shadows play visual tricks, hinting at the curve of a smile. But when we look directly at the mouth, our central vision doesn't see the shadows, and so the smile suddenly disappears. As our eyes scan different parts of the portrait, Mona's smile seems to fade in and out.

Did da Vinci intend to create this flickering smile effect? Perhaps. In any case, he was genius enough to paint shadows subtle enough to astound viewers for half a millennium. Meanwhile, Mona Lisa will keep smiling. And not.

在任何世界名畫前十名的列表中，一定都會(huì)有達(dá)芬奇的“蒙娜麗莎”。其吸引力部分來(lái)自于它的神秘。

那些有幸可以在盧浮宮自由欣賞蒙娜麗莎的人們眼神中常常都充滿了敬畏，他們也對(duì)蒙娜麗莎那看似一閃即逝的微笑也感到困惑。即使看它的復(fù)制品也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的效果——似笑非笑

蒙娜麗莎的微笑是怎么回事呢?

哈佛大學(xué)的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家Margaret Livingstone很確信自己已經(jīng)解開(kāi)了這個(gè)疑惑。其實(shí)沒(méi)什么其它原因，Livingstone將蒙娜麗莎這個(gè)著名畫像的如閃即逝的微笑的原因歸為我們看它的方式。

我們是用兩個(gè)分隔開(kāi)的眼睛看東西的。一個(gè)就是視網(wǎng)膜中央凹，一個(gè)用來(lái)看顏色并察覺(jué)出細(xì)節(jié)的中間地帶。而這個(gè)區(qū)域周圍的地方則更擅長(zhǎng)察覺(jué)位移、影子、光亮及黑白對(duì)比。

照Livingstone所說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們?cè)谧⒁曇粋€(gè)人的臉時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常都會(huì)集中注意在Ta的眼睛。在凝視蒙娜麗莎的眼睛時(shí)，我們并不是那么精準(zhǔn)的外圍視力就注意在嘴巴上了，而嘴巴上則覆有臉頰骨的陰影。

就是這個(gè)陰影在視覺(jué)上給我們開(kāi)了玩笑，它(在嘴上)隱藏了微笑的曲線。但當(dāng)我們直視她嘴巴的時(shí)候，我們的中心視力并不能看到該陰影，所以微笑就立刻消失了。隨著我們眼睛看畫像部位的不同，蒙娜麗莎的微笑也就時(shí)有時(shí)無(wú)。

是達(dá)芬奇有意營(yíng)造這么一個(gè)“似笑非笑”的效果嗎?或許吧。反正，他的天賦好的讓他將陰影畫的如此微妙，細(xì)致到震驚了半個(gè)世紀(jì)的觀賞者。同時(shí)，也讓蒙娜麗莎的笑一直這樣時(shí)有時(shí)無(wú)。