英語聽力文摘 頭球有害健康嗎？

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頭球危險(xiǎn)嗎?

Is heading in soccer dangerous? It’s a question that has met its fair share of controversy.

If you’ve never played soccer, heading may look pretty dangerous to the poor brain. Where else in life do you not want to duck away from an object flying straight at your head? However, soccer players know that there is a proper way to head the ball.

Yes, there is a technique to meeting a flying ball with your head. Dr. Frank Webbe, is a former soccer referee and coach who is also a psychologist specializing in sports psychology. He says there is good reason to believe that with proper technique, a player’s risk for brain injury is low.

The problem is that in a fast-paced game of soccer, obstacles sometimes prevent a player from heading with good technique. And that’s when problems are likely to arise.

Webbe and collaborators tested soccer players in neurocognitive performance such as attention, concentration, and speed of thinking.

They compared long-time soccer players to novices, as well as moderate-to-frequent headers to less than moderate headers. In addition, they tested people who had played soccer recently as well as people who hadn’t played in some time.

The results suggested that more frequent headers are at more risk for brain injury than less frequent headers. As a group, frequent headers performed lower on cognition tests in the week after a game of frequent heading than did other subjects.

Also, players with the highest lifetime estimates of heading scored lowest overall on these cognition tests. The results convince Webbe that heading does indeed pose a threat to brain function and that more research needs to be done.

頭球危險(xiǎn)嗎?這個(gè)問題引發(fā)了不少爭議。

如果你從未踢過足球，頭球看起來對可憐的大腦的確殺傷力很大。如果，生活中的其它時(shí)候你看到飛來橫物，你難道沒有躲閃以求護(hù)頭?然而，足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員是知道頭球路數(shù)的。

當(dāng)然，頭球是需要技巧的。前有名足球裁判兼教練Frank Webbe在足球心理學(xué)上也有研究。他說有理由相信有技巧的頭球可以降低大腦受傷的幾率。

可問題在于在踢球這個(gè)快節(jié)奏的運(yùn)動(dòng)中，球員頭球的技巧可能會(huì)受限制。這也是問題的關(guān)鍵。

Webbe和同事測試了足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的神經(jīng)認(rèn)知，比如注意力、集中力、思維反應(yīng)。

他們比較了新老足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,較常頭球的球員和較少頭球的球員，最近常常踢球的人和在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)沒有踢球的人。

結(jié)果顯示常常頭球的人比較少頭球的人損傷大腦的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。前者總的來說，在長期頭球后的一周內(nèi)做的認(rèn)知測試中普遍比后者表現(xiàn)得更差。

此外，球員估計(jì)在此生中頭球最多的在認(rèn)知測試中表現(xiàn)最差。測試結(jié)果足以說服Webbe頭球確實(shí)有損大腦功能，需要更多研究加以驗(yàn)證。

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