英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘 胎兒能聽(tīng)到什么？

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What a Fetus Hears

醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)定胎兒在孕期十六周即有完好的觸覺(jué)和味覺(jué)。十八周的的胎兒對(duì)光已經(jīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)。二十周的胎兒則發(fā)展出聽(tīng)覺(jué)，此時(shí)的胎兒并有做夢(mèng)、記憶和思考的能力。就是說(shuō)，除去了生理上的發(fā)展成長(zhǎng)外，胎兒的心靈和靈性在生產(chǎn)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始醞釀和培養(yǎng)了。在胎兒二十至二十二周開(kāi)如胎教已經(jīng)可行了。4個(gè)月的胎兒就有了聽(tīng)覺(jué)。6個(gè)月時(shí)胎兒的聽(tīng)力幾乎和成人相等。外界的聲音都可以傳到子宮里。但胎兒對(duì)500-1500赫茲的聲音感覺(jué)比較舒服，喜歡聽(tīng)節(jié)奏平緩、流暢、柔和的音樂(lè)，討厭強(qiáng)快節(jié)奏的“迪斯科”，更害怕各種能致命的噪音。 8個(gè)月的胎兒能夠區(qū)別聲音的種類(lèi)，聽(tīng)出音調(diào)的高低、強(qiáng)弱，能分辨出是爸爸還是媽媽在講話。

Did you ever do this when you were young: Dive to the bottom of a swimming pool with a friend, then have your friend yell a phrase into the water?

You listen to the phrase all low and garbled, then try to guess what it was. This low, muffled, underwater noise is how the world would sound if you were inside a womb.

Researchers have placed tiny microphones inside a pregnant woman’s uterus. They found that outside noises became much lower and muffled, and about thirty decibels quieter. Do these noises just wash around the fetus like so much amniotic fluid, or can the fetus actually hear them?

Actually, after twenty eight weeks a fetus begins to hear the internal sounds of its mother’s body–the rush of blood and the rumble of the digestive system. By the third trimester, the fetus can respond to external noises too. As many expectant mothers know, a sudden car horn can start a fetus kicking.

Not only can fetuses hear outside noises, they sometimes remember what they’ve heard. One study found that infants who repeatedly heard a soap opera theme song in the womb reacted positively when they heard that same music after birth.

Perhaps this ability to remember helps a newborn recognize its mother’s voice. A fetus can’t hear specific words or intonation–these are too muffled. Instead, they remember the rhythm of their mothers’ voices. To check this out, researchers gave newborns a special nipple rigged to a tape recorder. By changing the way they sucked, these infants could modify the cadence of a prerecorded voice. Eighty percent of these newborns sucked in the way that produced a voice with their mother’s specific rhythm.

譯文：

你年輕的時(shí)候有沒(méi)有這樣做過(guò)呢?與朋友一起潛入游泳池底部，然后讓你的朋友在水中沖你喊一句話。

你聽(tīng)到模糊不清的句子，然后努力猜測(cè)那是什么。這種沉悶的水下聲音就如你在還在子宮時(shí)能聽(tīng)得到的聲音。

研究人員在孕婦的子宮體內(nèi)安置了一個(gè)微型麥克風(fēng)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)外界的聲音變得更小更低沉，安靜了大概30分貝。這些聲音只是像羊水那樣環(huán)繞在子宮周?chē)?還是胎兒能夠聽(tīng)到它們?

事實(shí)上，28周后胎兒開(kāi)始聽(tīng)到母親體內(nèi)的聲音-血液流淌聲和消化系統(tǒng)的隆隆聲。到了妊娠晚期，胎兒也能對(duì)外界的聲音有反應(yīng)。就如許多準(zhǔn)媽媽知道的那樣，突如其來(lái)的汽車(chē)?yán)嚷曇材芤鹛旱奶邉?dòng)。

胎兒不僅能夠聽(tīng)到外界的聲音，他們有時(shí)也會(huì)記住他們所聽(tīng)到的。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，嬰兒出生后，會(huì)對(duì)在子宮里反復(fù)聽(tīng)到的肥皂劇的主題曲做出積極的反應(yīng)。

或許這種記憶能力幫助一個(gè)新生兒認(rèn)出母親的聲音。胎兒不能聽(tīng)到具體的詞或者聲調(diào)-這些都太低沉了。相反地，他們記得住母親聲音的節(jié)奏。為了驗(yàn)證這一點(diǎn)，研究人員給了新生兒一個(gè)特殊的與錄音機(jī)相連的奶嘴。通過(guò)變換他們吸允的方式，這些嬰兒能夠改變預(yù)先錄制的語(yǔ)音節(jié)奏。百分之八十的新生兒吸吮時(shí)的聲音與母親聲音的特定節(jié)奏一致。