英語聽力文摘 手槍消音器

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Gun Silencers

所謂“消聲手槍”也不可能是完全無聲，只是將聲音盡量降低。手槍的消聲方法有很多. 手槍的聲音主要來自子彈出膛，空氣沖出槍口是巨大的壓力對外面的空氣引起的沖擊震動(dòng).消聲器是安裝在空氣動(dòng)力設(shè)備(如鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、空壓機(jī))的氣流通道上或進(jìn)、排氣系統(tǒng)中的降 低噪聲的裝置。消聲器能夠阻擋聲波的傳播，允許氣流通過，是控制噪聲的有效工具。消聲器的種類很多，但究其消聲機(jī)理，又可以把它們分為六種主要的類型，即阻性消聲器、抗性消聲器、阻抗復(fù)合式消聲器、微孔板消聲器、小孔消聲器和有源消聲器.阻性消聲器主要是利用多孔吸聲材料來降低噪聲的。把吸聲材料固定在氣流通道的內(nèi)壁上或按照一定方式在管道中排列，就構(gòu)成了阻性消聲器。當(dāng)聲波進(jìn)入阻性消聲器時(shí),一部分聲能在多孔材料的孔隙中摩擦而轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能耗散掉，使通過消聲器的聲波減弱 。阻性消聲器就畫像電學(xué)上的純電阻電路，吸聲材料類似于電阻。因此，人們就把這種消聲器稱為阻性消聲器。阻性消聲器對中高頻消聲效果奸、對低頻消聲效果較差。

You’ve seen them in spy movies. The evil assassin is about to kill the helpless victim, but he’s worried that someone might hear the shot. What’s an evil assassin to do? In Hollywood, the answer is simple: He deftly attaches a silencer to his gun, fires a soundless shot, then escapes into the night. Do silencers really work this way?

Actually, real silencers are likely to be bulkier and noisier than the ones in a Hollywood stockroom. Many are actually larger than the guns they are designed to work with, and no silencer can remove ALL sound of a shot.

Most of a gunshot’s noise comes from hot gasses bursting out of the gun behind the bullet. The more suddenly these gasses emerge, the sharper and louder the sound will be. A silencer works by slowing and cooling this burst of gas, trapping it in a spiral of steel wool and forcing it to exit the gun more gradually. As they emerge, these slower moving gasses make less sound than the concentrated burst of a normal gunshot.

You can feel the difference yourself by making the sounds”Bam!” and “Phoof!” The sharp burst of air following the “B” sound of “Bam!” will make a sharper, more percussive noise than the more gradual escape of “Phoof!” It’s the same difference as letting the air out of a balloon slowly instead of popping it. Both gun silencers and car mufflers work the same way—they were invented by the same person, Hiram Maxim, in the early twentieth century. Maxim didn’t care much about gun-toting(帶槍的) assassins or spy movie screenwriters. He was ecologically minded. What was his main, ecological concern? Noise pollution!