英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘 花園里的石塊

How Rocks Appear In Your Garden

巖石，是在地質(zhì)作用下形成的礦物聚合體，其中海面下的巖石稱(chēng)為礁、暗礁及暗沙，由一種或多種礦物組成的，具有一定結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造的集合體，也有少數(shù)包含有生物的遺骸或遺跡(即化石)。巖石有三態(tài)：固態(tài)、氣態(tài)(如天然氣)、液態(tài)(如石油)，但主要是固態(tài)物質(zhì)，是組成地殼的物質(zhì)之一，是構(gòu)成地球巖石圈的主要成分。巖石根據(jù)其成因、構(gòu)造和化學(xué)成分分類(lèi)，按其成因主要分為三大類(lèi)：火成巖、沉積巖和變質(zhì)巖，從地表深至16千米的巖石圈中，火成巖大約占95%，沉積巖只有不足5%，變質(zhì)巖最少，不足1%。

I wonder how many of us (1)went out(過(guò)完) this past spring to get our gardens ready for planting, (2)smug(沾沾自喜的) in the thought that last year we got rid of all the rocks. There’s that nice big mound of them in the corner of the garden where we piled(堆砌) them. Surely by now they are all cleaned out.

“Wait! What is this?!” we said. A big stone, and another one, and another one! Where did they come from? Did some (3)mischievous(頑皮的，淘氣的) kid bury a bunch of them for me to find this spring? Well, that could be, April Fool’s Day wasn’t that long ago. But maybe this time the kids were actually innocent.

Where The Rocks Grow

Any place that has winters cold enough to freeze the ground might experience the magical appearance of rocks (4)welling up(涌現(xiàn)) from beneath the surface. This is so common in the eastern U.S. that the rocks are called “New England potatoes.”

Here’s what makes these stones mysteriously appear. Stones are better conductors(導(dǎo)體) of heat than soil, so the stone conducts heat away from the warmer soil beneath it. That colder soil under the rock then freezes before other dirt at the same depth.

Remember that when water freezes it expands(膨脹). So, when the water in the soil under the rock freezes, it expands and pushes the rock up a little.

When the ground (6)thaws(軟化，解凍) a space is left under the stone which fills with dirt, so the stone rests a little higher. Over a period of time this repeated freezing, expanding, upward push, and filling underneath eventually shoves(推，撞) the rock to the surface.

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

(1)go out

1.外出

She's gone out for a walk.

她外出散步了。

2.熄滅

His cigarette has gone out.

他的香煙滅了。

3.過(guò)時(shí)

This method went out long ago.

這種方法早就過(guò)時(shí)了。

4.過(guò)完

The year went out slowly.

這一年慢慢過(guò)去了。

(2)smug [sm?g]

a.

1.沾沾自喜的,自鳴得意的

You've got nothing to be smug about.

你有什么值得自鳴得意的。

2.整潔的,體面的

n.

1.沾沾自喜的人,自鳴得意的人[C]

(3)mischievous['mist?iv?s]

a.

1.惡作劇的;調(diào)皮的,淘氣的

mischievous tricks

惡作劇

There's a mischievous look on her face.

她臉露淘氣的神色。

2.有害的;惡意傷人的

mischievous gossip

惡意中傷的流言蜚語(yǔ)

(4)well up

Tears welled up in her eyes.

淚水涌上她的眼眶。

(5)conductor[k?n'd?kt?]

n. [C]

1.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者;管理人;向?qū)?/p>

the conductor of an expedition 遠(yuǎn)征隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)

2.(合唱團(tuán)、樂(lè)隊(duì)等的)指揮

3.(電車(chē)、巴士的)售票員;【美】(火車(chē)的)列車(chē)員

4.【物】導(dǎo)體;避雷針

Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

銅是電的良導(dǎo)體。

(6)thaw[θ?:]

vi.

1.(冰、雪及冷凍食物)溶化, 溶解

The ice thawed in the sun.

冰在陽(yáng)光下融化。

2.(氣候)解凍

It thawed early last spring.

去年春天解凍得很早。

3.軟化, 暖和起來(lái)

He thawed after sitting at a fire for a while.

在火堆旁坐了一會(huì)兒, 他覺(jué)得暖和起來(lái)了。

4.(態(tài)度、感情等)緩和, 隨和, 更友好

His shyness thawed under her kindness.

他的羞怯在她的親切態(tài)度之下消失了。

vt.

使融化, 使緩和

The little girl's smile thawed the angry old man.

小姑娘的微笑使發(fā)怒的老頭緩和下來(lái)。

n.

1.融化, 解凍

The spring thaw caused heavy flooding.

春天解凍引起了洪水泛濫。

2.(足以解凍的)暖和天氣

A thaw has set in.

暖流來(lái)臨了。

(7)shove[??v]

vt. [O]

1.推;撞

Amy shoved the book across the desk to him.

艾咪把書(shū)推到書(shū)桌的另一邊給他。

2.亂塞,亂放

He shoved his clothes into the drawer.

他將衣服胡亂塞進(jìn)抽屜。

3.強(qiáng)使

The surplus will shove the price down from a dollar to 60 cents.

剩余貨物將會(huì)迫使價(jià)格從一美元跌到六十美分。

vi.

1.推;撞

He shoved at the car but it wouldn't move.

他用力推車(chē),但車(chē)子不動(dòng)。

2.推擠

Everybody was pushing and shoving towards the exit.

大家都在推推搡搡向出口擠去。

3.【口】移動(dòng)[Q]

n.

1.推;撞[S]

The car won't start. Can you give it a shove?

這車(chē)子啟動(dòng)不了。你能不能推它一把?