“牛橋"在英國的歷史上是怎樣重要的角色

 
“牛橋"在英國的歷史上是怎樣重要的角色
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A:Jay, here is the Academic Ranking of World Universities.
 
喬伊，這是世界大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)排行榜。
 
B:Oh, who is the publisher?
 
哦，發(fā)布者是什么機構(gòu)？
 
A:It is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
 
它是由上海交通大學(xué)發(fā)布的，這是一所位子中國上海市的大學(xué)。
 
B:Is it an authority? Let’s go on searching!
 
這個權(quán)威嗎？要不再找找吧！
 
A:Actually, it is one of the two most prominent world university rankings, along with the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.
 
事實上，它是兩個最有名的世界大學(xué)排行榜中的一個，另一個是《泰晤士報》高等敎育世界大學(xué)排行榜。
 
B:Really? Well, let’s have a look at its 2009 ranking first.
 
是嗎？那我們就先看看它2009年的排名吧！
 
A:Oh! It is astonishing that only two of the top ten universities belong to the United Kingdom, others are all from the United States.
 
哦！世界排名前十的大學(xué)里只有兩所是英國的，其余八所都來自美國，太震驚了。
 
B:Yeah! Let me see... The two British universities are the Cambridge University and the Oxford University, which are ranked in the Europe’ top two universities.
 
是??！讓我看看……這兩所英國大學(xué)是劍橋大學(xué)和牛津大學(xué)，在歐洲排行榜上它們位居前兩名。
 
A:The two universities deserve to be called prides of Britain!
 
這兩所大學(xué)堪稱是英國的驕傲啊！
 
B:Absolutely! They are the two oldest universities in Britain, with a long history of  more than 800 years. As they were bom from same root and share a great many common features, the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are jointly known as “Oxbridge”. Indeed, “Camford” is also used sometimes.
 
完全正確！它們可是英國最古老的兩所大學(xué)，有著800多年的悠久歷史。由于它們同源.，并且有著很多的共同點，牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)被合稱為‘'牛橋”。實際上，“劍津"也時有提及。
 
A:“Oxbridge” has played an important role in the history of Britain, hasn’t it?
 
“牛橋"在英國的歷史上是一個極其重要的角色吧？
 
B: Yes, it has. “Oxbridge” has produced a large number of Britain’s greatest scientists, writers, politicians, as well as renowned figures in many other fields. In addition, it also educated numerous elites for many other countries around the world.
 
是的。"牛橋”培養(yǎng)出了很多英國最偉大的科學(xué)家、作家、政治家，以及其他很多領(lǐng)域的成功人士。此外，它也為世界其他國家培養(yǎng)了很多的精英。
 
A: Right! I know that the former President of the United States, Bill Clinton, attended Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.
 
對！我知道美國前總統(tǒng)比爾克林頓曾以羅德學(xué)者的身份在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。
 
B: That’s right. Twenty-six British Prime Ministers have attended Oxford, including William Gladstone, Herbert Asquith, Margaret Thatcher, Tony Blair, and so on. Moreover, forty-eight Nobel Prize winners have studied or taught at Oxford.
 
沒錯。26位英國首相曾經(jīng)在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，包栝威廉格萊斯頓、赫伯特阿斯奎斯、瑪格麗特撒切爾和托尼布萊爾等。而且，有48位諾貝爾獎獲得者也曾在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)或任敎。
 
A: Marvelous! What about the Cambridge University?
 
真了不起！那劍橋呢？
 
B: According to the latest statistics in 2010，eighty-seven Nobel Laureates are Cambridge University alumni, which is far more than the number of Oxford. Cambridge also makes great contributions to the advancement of science. Many of the most important scientific discoveries and revolutions were made by Cambridge alumni, such as the laws of motion, by Isaac Newton; evolution by natural selection, by Charles Darwin; and the discovery of the electron, by J. J. Thomson.
 
據(jù)2010年的最新統(tǒng)計，有87位諾貝爾獎得主來自劍橋大學(xué)，比牛津大學(xué)多很多。劍橋還為科學(xué)的發(fā)展進步作出了很大的貢獻。很多最重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和科學(xué)改革都是劍橋校友們的杰作，比如：艾薩克牛頓的運動定律、査爾斯達爾文的自然選擇進化論、湯姆森電子的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
 
A: The famous Cambridge alumni that I know also including ideologist and scientist Bacon，philosopher and mathematician Russell, economist Malthus and Keynes, as well as politician Li Guangyao, regarded as the “Father of Singapore”.
 
我所知道的著名劍橋校友還有思想家和科學(xué)家培根、哲學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家羅秦、經(jīng)濟學(xué)家馬爾薩斯和凱恩斯，甚至還包括有“新加坡國父”之稱的政治家李光耀。
 
B: “Oxbridge” gives birth to talented people continuously. What would the United Kingdom likely be if without the philosophers, scientists and writers produced by Oxford and Cambridge?
 
“牛橋"真可謂是人才輩出?。∪绻麤]有了牛津與劍橋的這些哲學(xué)大師、科學(xué)巨匠和偉大作家，英國會是怎樣一番光景呢丨
 
A: Right! I think it would be very terrible. Now, let’s come to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings!
 
沒錯！我認為那會非常糟糕。那我們再看看《泰晤士報》高等教育世界大學(xué)排行榜吧！
 
B: Ok.
 
好的。