克倫威爾為什么是一個(gè)有爭議的人物？克倫威爾的幽靈是怎么回事

 
克倫威爾為什么是一個(gè)有爭議的人物？克倫威爾的幽靈是怎么回事
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Yesterday was the 350th anniversary of Oliver Cromweirs death and this anniversary was “celebrated” by the publication of a new book.
 
昨天是克倫威爾逝世350固年紀(jì)念日，有人出版了一本新書，以“慶祝”這個(gè)紀(jì)念日。
 
B: I have read that book. That book suggests that the Lord Protector’s reputation should be reassessed in the light of two massacres he conducted in Ireland.
 
我看過那本書。那本書認(rèn)為護(hù)國公克倫威爾的聲譽(yù)應(yīng)該要重新評(píng)價(jià)，因?yàn)樗趷蹱柼m進(jìn)行了兩次大屠殺。
 
A: Oliver Cromwell is a controversial figure in the English history. The overwhelming majority of the 150 biographies of Cromwell published over the past century had been favorable. And Cromwell came third in a BBC poll to find the greatest Briton of the second millennium. But in Ireland they have long taken a different view.
 
在英國歷史上克倫威爾是一個(gè)有爭議的人物。上世紀(jì)以來出版的150本克倫威爾的傳記中的絕大多數(shù)都是對(duì)克倫威爾贊譽(yù)有加的。在BBC的一個(gè)"尋找2000年以來最杰出的英國人”的投票中，克倫威爾排名第三。但是愛爾蘭人早就對(duì)他心懷不滿。
 
B: Yes, it is. According to an Irish historian, the slaughters at Drogheda and Wexford which were led by Cromwell in 1649 ranked among the greatest atrocities in Anglo- Irish history. Though Cromwell is England’s great parliamentarian, he should be It was so cruel. And this act sent shock waves of fear through the rest of Ireland. Other towns surrendered as soon as Cromweirs army approached. But in the eyes of many Britons, he is a hero in the battle between good and evil. And he is a man who restores morale in an age dominated by expediency and compromise, who presses a new political equality and a religious toleration. I can’t deny his popularity in England. He has more roads named after him than any other Englishman and woman except Queen Victoria. He is a dominant figure in the memory of British and Irish history, and probably the one with most disagreement.
 
是的，他的確有爭議性。一名愛爾蘭歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為，1649年由克倫威爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的德洛格達(dá)和韋克斯福德大屠殺在英國——愛爾蘭歷史上是最殘酷的暴行之_。雖然克倫威爾是英格蘭杰出的國會(huì)議員，他也應(yīng)該為戰(zhàn)爭罪、宗教迫害和種族清洗 感到內(nèi)疚。當(dāng)克倫威爾和他的軍隊(duì)登陸愛爾蘭時(shí)，德洛格達(dá)是他們進(jìn)入的第一個(gè)主要城鎮(zhèn)。克倫威爾傳召德洛格達(dá)的?；庶h指揮官并讓他投降。當(dāng)指揮官拒絕投降時(shí)，克倫威爾的模范軍就占領(lǐng)了整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)并殺死守備部隊(duì)共計(jì)2500名軍官和平民。這真是殘酷。這一舉動(dòng)在愛爾蘭的其他地方引起了恐懼的震動(dòng)?？藗愅柕能婈?duì)一接近某個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，那個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)就投降。但在很多英國人眼里，克倫威爾是正義和邪惡之戰(zhàn)中涌現(xiàn)出來的英雄。在一個(gè)充斥著權(quán)宜之計(jì)和妥協(xié)的時(shí)代，他重振了土氣。他推動(dòng)并執(zhí)行了一種新的政治平等和宗教寬容。我不否認(rèn)克倫威爾在英格蘭很受歡迎。除了維多利亞女王外，以克倫威爾名字命名的道路比任何一個(gè)英國人都要多。在英國和愛爾蘭歷史的回憶中，他是一個(gè)主宰人物，可能也是爭議最多的一個(gè)。
 
A: This topic is so serious. Shall we switch to another topic?
 
這個(gè)話題太嚴(yán)肅了，我們換其他話題好嗎？
 
B: Sure. Have you ever heard of the ghost of Cromwell? Rumor has it that Cromwell has returned as a ghost to his lifetime haunts.
 
好啊。你聽說過克倫威爾的幽靈嗎？據(jù)傳聞，克倫威爾化作鬼魂回到了他生前住的地方。
 
A: Yes. And I often think that, in order for someone to return as a ghost, his life must have been unfulfilled in some way, perhaps ending tragically, prematurely, or violently.
 
我也聽過這個(gè)傳聞。而且我經(jīng)常想，某人要化作鬼魂歸來，他的生活必須是在某種意義上設(shè)有得到滿足，可能是悲劇性、過早地死去或是死于非命。
 
B: There have been so many reported sightings of ghosts and odd happenings at Oliver Cromweirs House.
 
據(jù)報(bào)道，有很多人看見克倫威爾的房子里有鬼魂和奇怪的事情發(fā)生。
 
A: Oliver Cromweirs home in Ely has now been turned into a museum documenting Cromweirs life and the history of the Civil War period.
 
克倫威爾在伊利的家現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成一個(gè)博物館，記錄克倫威爾的生活和英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的歷史。
 
B: A woman, who once stayed at the house with her husband, described seeing the figure of a powerful man who gripped her arm firmly before disappearing. She believed it was the ghost of Cromwell.
 
一個(gè)曾經(jīng)和丈夫一起在克倫威爾房子里呆過的女人，說她看見了一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的男人，那個(gè)男人在消失之前牢牢地抓住她的肩膀。她相信那就是克倫威爾的幽靈。
 
A: Well, it seems we don’t need to go to Madame Tussauds to see famous dead British people.
 
那看來我們不必去杜莎夫人蠟像館看故去的英國名人了。
 
B: Ha-ha, I’d rather choose to go to Madame Tussauds.
 
哈哈，我還是寧愿去杜莎夫人蠟像館。