聊一聊卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室的起源，卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣

今天的這段對(duì)話，在討論卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室，
 
聊一聊卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室的起源，卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣
 
來(lái)聽今天的講解:
 
A: It's October now，and Nobel Prize Winners are usually announced in this month. I wonder who will be the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics.
 
現(xiàn)在是十月，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者通常會(huì)在這個(gè)月公布。我在想今年的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)會(huì)頒結(jié)誰(shuí)呢？
 
B: Well, maybe the winners will be scientists who work in Cavendish Laboratory. There are 29 Nobel Prize winners in the history of Cavendish after all.
 
可能得獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥?huì)是在卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作的科學(xué)家吧。畢竟在卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)窒的歷史上，總共有29位科學(xué)家獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。
 
A: Twenty-nine winners! That’s the brilliant achievement.
 
29位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，這個(gè)成就寘是輝煌?。?br />  
B: The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics of the University of Cambridge. The Department is itself part of the School of Physical Sciences.
 
卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室是劍橋大學(xué)的物理系。而這個(gè)物理系本身就是（劍橋大學(xué)）物理科學(xué)學(xué)院的 一部分。
 
A: It was built in 1873 as a teaching laboratory. It was initially on Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After perennial space problems, it moved West Cambridge, in the early 1970s.
 
這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室始建于1873年，當(dāng)時(shí)是作為教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用的。它最初位于劍橋大學(xué)中心一個(gè) 叫"自由學(xué)派巷"的小巷子。被持續(xù)多年的空間問(wèn)題困擾著，后來(lái)卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室于20世紀(jì) 70年代早期搬到了劍橋西區(qū)。
 
B: The need for the practical training of scientists and engineers was emphasized by the success of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the requirements of an industrial society.
 
1851年倫敦萬(wàn)國(guó)博覽會(huì)的成功舉辦，凸顯了通過(guò)實(shí)踐培養(yǎng)人才的重要性。而工業(yè)社會(huì)要發(fā)展也需要通過(guò)實(shí)踐培養(yǎng)更多的科學(xué)家和工程師。
 
A: William Cavendish, the Seventh Duke of Devonshire, provided ￡6,300 to meet the costs of building a physics laboratory, on condition that Cambridge provided the funding for a Professorship① of Experimental Physics.
 
在劍橋大學(xué)保證為實(shí)驗(yàn)物理教授提供一定資助后，德文郡七世公爵威廉卡文迪什出資6300英鎊為劍橋建了一間物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
 
B: Cavendish has been in the center of Physics for a long time. It has an extraordinary history of discovery and innovation in Physics since its opening in 1874, so it is not surprising that there are so many Nobel Prize Winners who come from Cavendish.
 
很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室一直是物理學(xué)的中心。自1874年建成以來(lái)，它就在物理學(xué)的探索和創(chuàng)新上創(chuàng)造了輝煌的歷史。所以卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室出現(xiàn)過(guò)那么多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者并不令人感到驚訝。
 
A: I also heard that Cavendish has a long history and it plays an important role in the development of Cambridge. Oh! I remember that Watson and Crick, the discoverers of the DNA structure also worked in Cavendish.
 
我也聽說(shuō)卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室有很悠久的歷史，它在劍橋大學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程中起到了重要的作用。啊！我想起來(lái)了，DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)者沃森和克里克就曾在卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作過(guò)。
 
B: Yes. Crick had already worked in the Cavendish Laboratory when Watson came from the U.S.A. and together they discovered the DNA double helix. The Cavendish、 Laboratory has had important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules.
 
是的。當(dāng)沃森從美國(guó)來(lái)到卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)克里克已經(jīng)在那工作了，他們兩人一起發(fā)現(xiàn)了 DMA的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)生物學(xué)有重要影響，因?yàn)樗鼘射線結(jié)晶學(xué)應(yīng)用到了生物分子結(jié)構(gòu)的研究當(dāng)中。
 
A: It seems that Cavendish is influential not only in Physics, but also in many other areas.
 
看起來(lái)卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室不僅在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且在其他很多領(lǐng)域都頗具影響力。
 
B: Do you know whom the Cavendish Laboratory is named after?
 
你知道卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室是以誰(shuí)的名字命名的嗎？
 
A: Of course, it is named after William Cavendish，because he gives money to endow the laboratory in memory of his learned relative.
 
我當(dāng)然知道，它是以威廉卡文迪什的名字命名的，因?yàn)橥ㄎ牡鲜簿枇艘淮蠊P錢綰這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，以紀(jì)念他博學(xué)的親戚。
 
B: His learned relative? Who he is?
 
他博學(xué)的親戚？是誰(shuí)？
 
A: He is Henry Cavendish, a famous physicist. He is famous for the discovery of hydrogen and Cavendish experiment.
 
他就是亨利卡文迪什，著名的物理學(xué)家。他以發(fā)現(xiàn)氫和做出卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)而出名。
 
B: Oh, I have read an article about the Cavendish experiment. This is the first experiment to measure the force of gravity in the laboratory, and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth.
 
我在一篇文章上看到過(guò)卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)。這是首次能在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中測(cè)試出重力的實(shí)驗(yàn)。這次實(shí)驗(yàn)也首次得出重力常數(shù)和地球質(zhì)量的精確數(shù)值。
 
A:What is the current situation of Cavendish?
 
卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣？
 
B: Currently there are 65 teaching staff, approximately 150 postdoctoral fellows, and about 250 graduate students. There are 700 people at large, including administrative and technical support staff. Total research grant income was over ￡14m in 2004, and has roughly doubled in the last decade.
 
現(xiàn)在該實(shí)驗(yàn)室有65名教員，近150名博士后研究生，約250名研究生。包括行政人員和教輔人員在內(nèi)，該實(shí)驗(yàn)室總共有700人。2004年，實(shí)驗(yàn)室總的研究贊助經(jīng)費(fèi)超過(guò)1400萬(wàn)英鎊，贊助經(jīng)費(fèi)在上一個(gè)10年中增長(zhǎng)了一倍左右。