1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病有什么區(qū)別

今天的這段對話，在討論糖尿病，
 
1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病有什么區(qū)別
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Mike, we're talking about diabetes. Often I hear about diabetes Type 1 and diabetes Type 2. What's the difference?
 
邁克，我們來談?wù)勌悄虿　Ｎ衣犝f有1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。這兩種有什么區(qū)別？
 
B: That's right, Todd. There are two types of diabetes. There is. There's two types. There's Type 1 diabetes and there's Type 2. Type 1 is usually attributed to genetics and generally Type 1, it can happen at any age but it tends to happen when people are younger, and then for some reason, they still don't know why, but the pancreas, an organ in your body, it stops producing insulin, which is a hormone, and when that happens, you instantly become diabetic, and that's Type 1 diabetes. Now, Type 2 diabetes, generally speaking, is because of diet related issues. People who tend to have poor diets, or tend to be very overweight, and again I'm generalizing of course, so there's probably very healthy fit Type 2 diabetics that can still get it but generally, what I think happens with Type 2 diabetes, this is just a theory, that you put so much strain on your pancreas to produce insulin for all the sugar that you're eating that it just stops, it just runs out of insulin and slowly, slowly starts to slow down.
 
沒錯，托德。糖尿病有兩種類型。有兩種類型的糖尿病。分別為1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。1型糖尿病和遺傳有關(guān)，通常來說，基于某些原因，1型糖尿病可能在任何年齡斷發(fā)病，多發(fā)生在青年時期，不過現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)界還不知道原因，當(dāng)身體里的胰腺這個器官不再生產(chǎn)胰島素這種激素，人就會患上糖尿病，這種就屬于1型糖尿病。而一般而言，2型糖尿病與飲食有關(guān)?？偟膩碚f，可能飲食不良或超重都會引發(fā)2型糖尿病，可能非常健康的人也會得2型糖尿病，不過我認(rèn)為從理論上說，是因為胰腺為了能產(chǎn)生分解攝入糖分的胰島素而承受了太多壓力，導(dǎo)致胰腺停止工作，無法再產(chǎn)生胰島素，所以胰腺一點一點地停止工作。
 
A: So basically if you have a really poor diet, and you eat a lot of sugar and you don't exercise then you increase your chances....
 
基本上來說，如果飲食不良，攝入了太多糖分，又不鍛煉，那就會增加患糖尿病的機(jī)率……
 
B: Definitely. Definitely. You're increasing your chances. I'm sure of that.
 
沒錯，就是這個意思。這樣會增加患病機(jī)率。我確定會這樣。
 
A: Right. So, I think these days, one of the biggest problems is probably soda. I know I drink too much soda, so being a diabetic, do you ever drink soda or sweet drinks?
 
好。我想這些天最大的問題可能是蘇打汽水。我知道我喝了太多蘇打汽水，你是糖尿病患者，你會喝蘇打汽水或是甜飲料嗎？
 
B: Well, of course I do but like non-sugar sodas, like diet cokes and those kind of things, but of course I drink fruit juices, but generally I drink more water or try to drink drinks that don't have a lot of sugar added in them.
 
我當(dāng)然不會喝，不過我可以喝無糖蘇打汽水，或是無糖可樂之類的飲料，我會喝果汁，不過一般我基本上是喝水和不含太多糖分的飲料。
 
A: Right. Now, actually if you have diabetes 1 or diabetes 2 is the result the same?
 
好。1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的結(jié)果一樣嗎？
 
B: Well, actually there's one major difference and I didn't mention. Type 1 diabetes have to use insulin injections. They have to inject insulin to control the blood sugars. Type 2 diabetes often can take pills, so they don't have to inject themselves, so it's a pretty major difference, I think psychologically, if you have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.
 
哦，這是我剛才沒提到的一個主要不同點。1型糖尿病必須要注射胰島素。醫(yī)生要為病人注射胰島素來控制他們的血糖。2型糖尿病可以吃藥治療，病人不用注射胰島素，這是最大的不同，我認(rèn)為1型糖尿病患者和2型糖尿病患者的心理也不同。
 
A: And are the complications the same?
 
那并發(fā)癥一樣嗎？
 
B: Yeah, the complications can be the same. Yeah.
 
一樣，并發(fā)癥是一樣的。
 
A: Can you explain what can happen?
 
你能解釋一下會有什么并發(fā)癥嗎？
 
B: Well, like what happened to me. Generally what happens, the blood sugar clogs your blood vessels inside your body and eventually it leads to things like amputations. It can lead to things like loss of vision. It can lead to all kinds of other health related problems where, you know, circulation is important, so those are probably the biggest... liver disease, or sorry, kidney disease is another big one as well so people often lose their kidneys or their eyes — eyesight — or limbs.
 
就像我身上發(fā)生的事。一般來說，血糖會阻塞你身體里的血管，最終可導(dǎo)致截肢。而且還會導(dǎo)致失明，和其他各種健康問題，循環(huán)非常重要，這可能是最嚴(yán)重的……肝病，抱歉，是腎病，糖尿病可能導(dǎo)致腎切除、失明或截肢。
 
A: That's terrible.
 
這太糟糕了。
 
B: Yeah, it is. It's pretty serious.
 
對，很糟糕。會導(dǎo)致非常嚴(yán)重的后果。
 
A: So the main thing to do to try to prevent it is to have a healthy lifestyle and eat a healthy diet.
 
所以你要做的事就是盡量防止這些并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生，擁有健康的生活方式，食用健康的飲食。
 
B: Yeah. Absolutely. Of course for Type 1 I don't think there is much you can really do to prevent it, If you get it, you get it, but definitely for Type 2 that's a good think to do.
 
對，沒錯。不過就1型糖尿病來說，如果患上1型糖尿病，我認(rèn)為能阻止并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的措施并不多，不過對2型糖尿病來說，這是很好的建議。