聊一聊器官捐贈存在哪些爭議

今天的這段對話，在討論器官捐贈，
 
器官捐贈有利有弊，聊一聊器官捐贈存在哪些爭議
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: So, Greg, you have a new book out, and you're book has lots of controversial topics, and one of the topics is organ donation. So first can you explain what organ donation is?
 
格雷格，你出了本新書，這本書涉及了很多爭議話題，其中一個(gè)就是器官捐贈。首先，請你解釋一下什么是器官捐贈？
 
B: Sure. Organ donation is when a person living or dead allows his or her organs to be used in another person.A
 
好的。器官捐贈是指活人或死人將器官捐贈給另一個(gè)人的行為。
 
A: So for example like you donate a liver, or kidney or something like that.
 
舉例來說，就是捐贈肝、腎等器官的行為。
 
B: That's right.
 
沒錯。
 
A: And usually they have to get it... the person who dies, they have to get it soon.
 
實(shí)際上，他們要……人死了之后，他們要立即取出捐贈的器官。
 
B: Yes, that 100% right.
 
對，完全正確。
 
A: So is this something that's common in most countries?
 
這是大多數(shù)國家的通常做法嗎？
 
B: Well, actually some countries do not allow organ and tissue donation, or they allow only some organs, some tissues and not allow others.
 
實(shí)際上有些國家不允許器官捐贈和組織捐贈，或者只允許一些器官和組織的捐贈，其他的不允許。
 
A: You know, your book is about controversial topics. What is controversial about organ donation?
 
你的書里涉及了很多爭議話題。那器官捐贈有什么爭議？
 
B: Oh, there's a lot of controversial aspects to organ donation. Again, as I mentioned there are differences in every country. Some countries do not allow organ donation. Some allow some organs and won't others and there are also cases where say maybe a thousand people need a kidney but there's only fifty kidneys. Who is gonna get it? Should the kidney go to the sickest person but who might die? Should it go to the oldest person? Should it go to the youngest person? Should it go to the richest person? How do you decide? What's a fair way to decide?
 
器官捐贈有很多爭議。就像我剛才提到的，每個(gè)國家對器官捐贈有不同的規(guī)定。一些國家不允許器官捐贈。還有些國家只允許特定器官的捐贈，不允許其他器官的捐贈，也許需要腎移植的人有1000人，可是只有50個(gè)腎臟可以移植。那誰能進(jìn)行手術(shù)？這些腎臟是要移植給那些生病最嚴(yán)重、可能會死亡的人？還是要移植給最年長的人？還是給最年輕的人？或是給最富有的人？要怎么決定？怎么公平地做決定？
 
A: Now, also I think in your book you were talking about medical tourism. Can you explain what that is?
 
我想你的書中還提到了醫(yī)療旅游。你能解釋一下嗎？
 
B: Medical tourism is when people go to a country for the purpose of medical treatment which they can't get in their country either cause the treatment is not allowed or it's too expensive. You know, relating back to the question of controversy, there are lot of countries in the world which are very poor, and people are willing to sell their organs actually, so you have rich Arabs, rich Americans, rich Japanese, rich British people, people from any rich country, can't get an organ in their own country, and they'll go to a poor country to buy organs from poor people. Is that right? In some places it's illegal. There are also laws in many countries that say someone must, before they die, give permission for the body parts to be used, but those body parts are sometimes taken from people after their death without permission.
 
醫(yī)療旅游是人們以醫(yī)療為目的前往另一個(gè)國家的行為，因?yàn)樗麄冊诒緡鵁o法接受治療，或是治療方法在本國不被允許，或是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用太高。我們再回到剛才的爭議問題上，世界上有許多國家非常貧窮，這些國家的人想賣器官掙錢，而有錢的阿拉伯人、美國人、日本人、英國人，那些有錢國家的人在自己的國家無法得到捐贈的器官，他們就會去貧窮的國家，從窮人那里買器官。這種做法對嗎？在有些地方這種做法是非法的。許多國家的法律明確規(guī)定，活人捐贈器官必須得到許可，而有時(shí)死人捐贈身體器官是未經(jīng)許可的。
 
A: Yeah, that's pretty controversial stuff. That's pretty deep.
 
對，這是備受爭議的問題。是非常嚴(yán)肅的問題。
 
B: Yeah.
 
對。