如何對學習者進行分類
今天的這段對話，在討論對學習者分類，
教學是一門學問，如何對學習者進行分類
來聽今天的講解:
A: So Julia, you are a teacher.
朱莉婭，你是老師。
B: That's right.
沒錯。
A: So I'm going to run a theory by you.
我要給你介紹個理論。
B: Okay.
好。
A. So we were talking about learner types earlier and I actually think I have my own little diagram for motivational types.
我們之前談過學習者的類型，實際上我自己按照動機對學習者進行了分類。
B: Motivation types, okay, that's interesting because I need a handle on motivation.
動機類型，好，這很有意思，因為我需要處理動機問題。
A: So basically I think there's four types of students. I always get four types of students. They're either a player.
總的來說，我認為有四種學生。我接觸到的學生有四種。第一種是競爭者。
B: A player.
競爭者。
A: A pupil, a participant, or a prisoner.
然后分別是學生、參與者和囚禁者。
B: A prisoner, a player, a pupil, a participant or a prisoner, okay.
囚禁者，競爭者，學生，參與者，好。
A: Yeah, easy to remember, all P's.
很容易記，都是P開頭的單詞。
B: All P's, yeah, good system.
都是P開關(guān)的單詞，嗯，不錯的體系。
A: Okay. So a player is a student who loves a subject matter, they study it on their own, even if there wasn't class they would still study it.
好。玩家是指喜歡一個科目，他們會自己進行研究，即使不是課程，他們也會進行研究。
B: Okay. Like a natural in a subject maybe?
好。就是很自然地喜歡一個科目？
A: It could be natural or like, you know, because we teach English, it would be like a student that loves English, learns English on their own, maybe went and studied overseas. And they're always improving and they kind of take class just to reinforce what they're already learning. But they actually don't like class usually. Often they don't like homework, they don't like tests, they don't like things that really judge their ability. They just want to keep learning and just being around the subject, that's why they're a player, they just want to play. And it would be like if you played a sport, it would be like an athlete who doesn't really want to practice, he just wants to play.
可能是這樣，我們教英語，可能有學生喜歡英語，所以他們會自學英語，也許他們會去海外進修英語。這些學生一直在進步，他們聽課可能只是為了鞏固他們學過的知識。但實際上他們并不喜歡上課。通常他們不喜歡寫作業(yè) ，他們也不喜歡測驗，他們不喜歡那些評判他們能力的事情。他們只是想繼續(xù)學習，只是想繼續(xù)研究那個科目，所以才稱他們?yōu)橥婕遥驗樗麄冎皇窍雲(yún)⑴c其中。就像參加體育運動一樣，有運動員并不喜歡練習，他們只是想從事這項運動。
B: So for the fun of it?
為了好玩？
A: Yeah.
對。
B: Someone who does it just for the sheer enjoyment?
只是為了純粹的享受？
A: Right. They just want to do it for the enjoyment and for the end result, like they do it and they don't need really someone telling them how good they are. Now, on the flipside you have a pupil. And a pupil would be somebody who loves class, they're a teacher's pet.
對。他們只是為了享受，至于最后的結(jié)果，他們并不需要別人告訴他們他們有多優(yōu)秀。和這類人相對的是學生。他們喜歡上課，他們是老師的寵兒。
B: A swot they might call them.
這種人被稱為書呆子。
A: A swot, oh really, okay.
對，書呆子。
Julie: Yeah, a swot is someone who studies hard.
書呆子就是那種用功學習的人。
A: Yeah, exactly.
對，沒錯。
B: And gets pleasure from studying and the teacher knowing that they've studied and a swot.
他們從學習中得到快樂，老師知道他們在學習，所以他們是書呆子。
A: Exactly. A swot, there you go, a new word for me. Not a P, but yeah. They want to sit in the front row, they want to get good grades, they want to stand out. But maybe they actually don't love the subject matter that much, they want to do that at every class.
沒錯。書呆子，這對我來說是個新詞。不是P開頭的單詞。他們想坐在前排，他們想獲得高分，他們想脫穎而出。也許他們并不是太喜歡這個科目，他們只想在課堂上研究。
B: They like being good at it regardless of what it is.
不管是什么，他們都希望做到最好。
A: Exactly. Exactly. So those are usually the two best students you have, right. You're going to have players who love the subject and pupils who love being a good student.
對，沒錯。這是兩種最優(yōu)秀的學生。一種是喜歡研究科目的玩家，一種是想成為好學生的學生。
B: And swots.
書呆子。
A: And swots. And then in the system there's two more. So there's also participants. Now, a participant, they love class but they don't love in the way that a pupil loves class. A participant just loves being with their friends. They love the social aspect of class. They love seeing people they know, they love talking. They love being in a group. And it really doesn't matter what the subject is.
書呆子。在我劃分的體系中還有兩類學生。第三種是參與者。他們喜歡上課，但是他們喜歡上課的程度不及學生。參與者只是喜歡和朋友待在一起。他們喜歡課堂的社交性。他們喜歡看到他們認識的人，他們喜歡聊天。他們喜歡小組活動。課題是什么并不重要。
B: Okay.
好。
A: You know what I mean?
你懂我的意思嗎？
B: Yeah.
我懂。
A: Like I think in college I was often a participant, like I would take a class because my friends took the class. So yeah, that's basically, that's a participant.
我認為我在大學時就是參與者，我去上課是因為我朋友們都去了?？梢哉f，這就是參與者。
B: Okay, class is time to hang out with your friends.
好，課堂是和朋友們一起玩的時間。
A: Exactly, social outlet.
沒說，社交圈。
B: Do you think they even know what subject it is that they're...
你認為他們知道他們在學什么嗎？
A: Yeah, maybe they don't even care, and exactly, you could change the subject on them, like you know, hey, we're going to do German and they would be like, "Hey, that's cool, as long as we're still together."
嗯，也許他們根本不在乎這些，你可以讓他們改變所學科目，如果你說：“嘿，我們?nèi)W德語吧”，他們可能會說：“那太酷了，只要我們還一起上課就行”。
B: Well that's nice. And the fourth one?
這很好。第四種類型呢？
A: Yeah, the last one is the sad one, the prisoner.
最后一種類型很可憐，是囚禁者。
B: The fourth, like the prisoner, that sounds a little bit scary.
第四種就像囚犯一樣，聽起來有點可怕。
A: Yeah. The prisoner, the poor prisoner. The prisoner is basically society says they have to take this class. Some authority said, "You have to take the class, you have no choice." It could be the government, it could be their mother, it could be their university curriculum.
對，囚禁者，可憐的囚禁者。這類人是，社會讓他們必須去上這門課。權(quán)威機構(gòu)說，“你必須要讓課，你沒有選擇。”可能是政府要求，也可能是他們母親的要求，又或者是他們所上大學的課程設(shè)置。
B: So there's like a mandatory subject that they don't really want to do?
類似必修課，可是他們并不想上這門課？
A: Exactly. If they had the choice to opt out, they would opt out in a heartbeat. If you said, "Hey, you know what, if you want you do not have to take this class, you do not have to show up every day, everything's fine, it's cool." They wouldn't show up. So basically they're a prisoner, you know. And a prisoner doesn't actually mean that they're a bad student. They could actually be an A student, and it doesn't mean that they have a bad attitude, they could be very polite, but they just ... they really don't want to take that subject, they're stuck doing it and there's just no getting out of it.
沒錯。如果他們可以選擇退課，那他們可能會馬上退選這門課。如果你說：“嘿，如果你不想上這門課，那你不用每天都來上課，這完全沒問題，沒關(guān)系。”那他們肯定不會來上課了。他們就像囚禁者一樣。這并不是說他們是壞學生。他們也可能是優(yōu)秀的學生，這也不能說明他們態(tài)度不好，他們可能很有禮貌，他們只是不想學這門課，他們只是被迫來上課，沒辦法脫離。
教學是一門學問，如何對學習者進行分類
來聽今天的講解:
A: So Julia, you are a teacher.
朱莉婭，你是老師。
B: That's right.
沒錯。
A: So I'm going to run a theory by you.
我要給你介紹個理論。
B: Okay.
好。
A. So we were talking about learner types earlier and I actually think I have my own little diagram for motivational types.
我們之前談過學習者的類型，實際上我自己按照動機對學習者進行了分類。
B: Motivation types, okay, that's interesting because I need a handle on motivation.
動機類型，好，這很有意思，因為我需要處理動機問題。
A: So basically I think there's four types of students. I always get four types of students. They're either a player.
總的來說，我認為有四種學生。我接觸到的學生有四種。第一種是競爭者。
B: A player.
競爭者。
A: A pupil, a participant, or a prisoner.
然后分別是學生、參與者和囚禁者。
B: A prisoner, a player, a pupil, a participant or a prisoner, okay.
囚禁者，競爭者，學生，參與者，好。
A: Yeah, easy to remember, all P's.
很容易記，都是P開頭的單詞。
B: All P's, yeah, good system.
都是P開關(guān)的單詞，嗯，不錯的體系。
A: Okay. So a player is a student who loves a subject matter, they study it on their own, even if there wasn't class they would still study it.
好。玩家是指喜歡一個科目，他們會自己進行研究，即使不是課程，他們也會進行研究。
B: Okay. Like a natural in a subject maybe?
好。就是很自然地喜歡一個科目？
A: It could be natural or like, you know, because we teach English, it would be like a student that loves English, learns English on their own, maybe went and studied overseas. And they're always improving and they kind of take class just to reinforce what they're already learning. But they actually don't like class usually. Often they don't like homework, they don't like tests, they don't like things that really judge their ability. They just want to keep learning and just being around the subject, that's why they're a player, they just want to play. And it would be like if you played a sport, it would be like an athlete who doesn't really want to practice, he just wants to play.
可能是這樣，我們教英語，可能有學生喜歡英語，所以他們會自學英語，也許他們會去海外進修英語。這些學生一直在進步，他們聽課可能只是為了鞏固他們學過的知識。但實際上他們并不喜歡上課。通常他們不喜歡寫作業(yè) ，他們也不喜歡測驗，他們不喜歡那些評判他們能力的事情。他們只是想繼續(xù)學習，只是想繼續(xù)研究那個科目，所以才稱他們?yōu)橥婕遥驗樗麄冎皇窍雲(yún)⑴c其中。就像參加體育運動一樣，有運動員并不喜歡練習，他們只是想從事這項運動。
B: So for the fun of it?
為了好玩？
A: Yeah.
對。
B: Someone who does it just for the sheer enjoyment?
只是為了純粹的享受？
A: Right. They just want to do it for the enjoyment and for the end result, like they do it and they don't need really someone telling them how good they are. Now, on the flipside you have a pupil. And a pupil would be somebody who loves class, they're a teacher's pet.
對。他們只是為了享受，至于最后的結(jié)果，他們并不需要別人告訴他們他們有多優(yōu)秀。和這類人相對的是學生。他們喜歡上課，他們是老師的寵兒。
B: A swot they might call them.
這種人被稱為書呆子。
A: A swot, oh really, okay.
對，書呆子。
Julie: Yeah, a swot is someone who studies hard.
書呆子就是那種用功學習的人。
A: Yeah, exactly.
對，沒錯。
B: And gets pleasure from studying and the teacher knowing that they've studied and a swot.
他們從學習中得到快樂，老師知道他們在學習，所以他們是書呆子。
A: Exactly. A swot, there you go, a new word for me. Not a P, but yeah. They want to sit in the front row, they want to get good grades, they want to stand out. But maybe they actually don't love the subject matter that much, they want to do that at every class.
沒錯。書呆子，這對我來說是個新詞。不是P開頭的單詞。他們想坐在前排，他們想獲得高分，他們想脫穎而出。也許他們并不是太喜歡這個科目，他們只想在課堂上研究。
B: They like being good at it regardless of what it is.
不管是什么，他們都希望做到最好。
A: Exactly. Exactly. So those are usually the two best students you have, right. You're going to have players who love the subject and pupils who love being a good student.
對，沒錯。這是兩種最優(yōu)秀的學生。一種是喜歡研究科目的玩家，一種是想成為好學生的學生。
B: And swots.
書呆子。
A: And swots. And then in the system there's two more. So there's also participants. Now, a participant, they love class but they don't love in the way that a pupil loves class. A participant just loves being with their friends. They love the social aspect of class. They love seeing people they know, they love talking. They love being in a group. And it really doesn't matter what the subject is.
書呆子。在我劃分的體系中還有兩類學生。第三種是參與者。他們喜歡上課，但是他們喜歡上課的程度不及學生。參與者只是喜歡和朋友待在一起。他們喜歡課堂的社交性。他們喜歡看到他們認識的人，他們喜歡聊天。他們喜歡小組活動。課題是什么并不重要。
B: Okay.
好。
A: You know what I mean?
你懂我的意思嗎？
B: Yeah.
我懂。
A: Like I think in college I was often a participant, like I would take a class because my friends took the class. So yeah, that's basically, that's a participant.
我認為我在大學時就是參與者，我去上課是因為我朋友們都去了?？梢哉f，這就是參與者。
B: Okay, class is time to hang out with your friends.
好，課堂是和朋友們一起玩的時間。
A: Exactly, social outlet.
沒說，社交圈。
B: Do you think they even know what subject it is that they're...
你認為他們知道他們在學什么嗎？
A: Yeah, maybe they don't even care, and exactly, you could change the subject on them, like you know, hey, we're going to do German and they would be like, "Hey, that's cool, as long as we're still together."
嗯，也許他們根本不在乎這些，你可以讓他們改變所學科目，如果你說：“嘿，我們?nèi)W德語吧”，他們可能會說：“那太酷了，只要我們還一起上課就行”。
B: Well that's nice. And the fourth one?
這很好。第四種類型呢？
A: Yeah, the last one is the sad one, the prisoner.
最后一種類型很可憐，是囚禁者。
B: The fourth, like the prisoner, that sounds a little bit scary.
第四種就像囚犯一樣，聽起來有點可怕。
A: Yeah. The prisoner, the poor prisoner. The prisoner is basically society says they have to take this class. Some authority said, "You have to take the class, you have no choice." It could be the government, it could be their mother, it could be their university curriculum.
對，囚禁者，可憐的囚禁者。這類人是，社會讓他們必須去上這門課。權(quán)威機構(gòu)說，“你必須要讓課，你沒有選擇。”可能是政府要求，也可能是他們母親的要求，又或者是他們所上大學的課程設(shè)置。
B: So there's like a mandatory subject that they don't really want to do?
類似必修課，可是他們并不想上這門課？
A: Exactly. If they had the choice to opt out, they would opt out in a heartbeat. If you said, "Hey, you know what, if you want you do not have to take this class, you do not have to show up every day, everything's fine, it's cool." They wouldn't show up. So basically they're a prisoner, you know. And a prisoner doesn't actually mean that they're a bad student. They could actually be an A student, and it doesn't mean that they have a bad attitude, they could be very polite, but they just ... they really don't want to take that subject, they're stuck doing it and there's just no getting out of it.
沒錯。如果他們可以選擇退課，那他們可能會馬上退選這門課。如果你說：“嘿，如果你不想上這門課，那你不用每天都來上課，這完全沒問題，沒關(guān)系。”那他們肯定不會來上課了。他們就像囚禁者一樣。這并不是說他們是壞學生。他們也可能是優(yōu)秀的學生，這也不能說明他們態(tài)度不好，他們可能很有禮貌，他們只是不想學這門課，他們只是被迫來上課，沒辦法脫離。
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