晨讀英語美文100篇六級Two Ways of Thinking of History

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:02.00]Passage 21. Two Ways of Thinking of History [00:08.34]There are two ways of thinking of history. [00:12.60]There is, first, history regarded as a way of looking at other things, [00:18.19]really the temporal aspect of anything, [00:21.03]from the universe to this nib with which I am writing. [00:24.88]Everything has its history. [00:27.07]There is the history of the universe,if only we knew it [00:30.78]—and we know something of it, if we do not know much. [00:34.94]Nor is the contrast so great,when you come to think of it, [00:39.64]between the universe and this pen-nib. [00:42.71]A mere pen-nib has quite a considerable history. [00:46.87]There is, to begin with, what has been written with it, [00:51.14]and that might be something quite important. [00:54.20]After all it was probably only one quill-pen or a couple that wrote Hamlet. [01:01.09]Whatever has been written with the pen-nib is part of its History. [01:05.79]In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: [01:10.28]this particular nib is a “Relief” nib, No. 314, [01:15.64]made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, [01:20.13]who supply the Midland Bank with pen-nibs, from whom I got it—a gift, I may say. [01:26.37]But behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture.... [01:31.40]In fact a pen nib implies universe,and the history of it implies its history. [01:38.30]We may regard this way of looking at it—history—as the time-aspect of all things: [01:44.85]a pen-nib, the universe,the fiddle before me as I write, [01:49.23]as a relative conception of history. [01:52.19]There is, secondly, what we might call a substantive conception of history, [01:57.33]what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself.

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