生活百科重新設(shè)計(jì)注射器的130萬個(gè)理由

 

Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read a newspaper article which said that one day syringes would be one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS, the transmission of AIDS. I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.

二十五年又三個(gè)月前我在報(bào)紙上讀到一篇文章說，在未來，針筒將成爲(wèi)傳染愛滋病，散播愛滋病的主要原因之一。 我覺得這是令人無法接受的。所以我決定要有所改變。

Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know, kills approximately one million people a year. The reuse of syringes now exceeds that and kills 1.3 million people a year. This young girl and her friend that I met in an orphanage in Delhi, were HIV positive from a syringe. And what was so sad about this particular story was that once their parents had found out, and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor, the parents threw them out on the street. And hence they ended up in an orphanage.

可悲的是，這已是事實(shí)。虐疾，如我們所知，每年奪走大約一百萬條人命。重復(fù)使用的針筒已經(jīng)比這還嚴(yán)重，每年奪走一百三十萬條人命 這個(gè)小女孩和她的朋友是我在德里的孤兒院遇到的，她們是因爲(wèi)針筒而成爲(wèi)愛滋病帶原者。這個(gè)故事最讓人感到心酸的是，當(dāng)她們的父母發(fā)現(xiàn)她們得病時(shí)，別忘了，最初是父母帶她們到醫(yī)生那里去看病才染病的，就把她們遺棄在街上，從此她們就只能被孤兒院收容。

And it comes from situations like this where you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners, blindly giving an injection to someone. And the injection is so valuable, that the people basically trust the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times, to do the right thing. But in fact they're not. And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem between people in high-virus areas.

這種情況的起因，是因爲(wèi)這些有照或無照的醫(yī)護(hù)人員盲目地幫人打針。打針在那里是如此地珍貴，人們基本上十分信任醫(yī)生。我常常聽到這種説法說，醫(yī)生是僅次於上帝，會(huì)做正確的事。事實(shí)并非如此。很明顯地，你不難去了解，在病毒密度高的地方的傳染問題。

This video we took undercover, which shows you over a half an hour period, a tray of medicines of 42 vials. Which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India. And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe was filmed being unwrapped. They started with two and they ended with two. And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray, which is their sort of modular station, and dropping the syringe she's just used back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again. So you can imagine the scale of this problem. And in fact in India alone, 62 percent of all injections given are unsafe.

我們用隱藏的攝影機(jī)拍攝這個(gè)影片，你可以看到在半個(gè)鐘頭里面，這推車上有42管的注射劑。這在印度的一個(gè)公立醫(yī)院里，全部只用兩支針筒來注射。在半個(gè)鐘頭的影片里，沒有看到任何拆封新針筒的畫面，這兩支針筒從頭用到尾。你可以看到，這里，護(hù)士回到這個(gè)推車，這是類似她們的護(hù)理站，把她剛用過的針筒放下來，放在推車上等一下再拿起來繼續(xù)使用。你可以想見這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性，事實(shí)上光在印度，百分之62的注射是不安全的。

These kids in Pakistan don't go to school. They are lucky. They already have a job. And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes from the back of hospitals, wash them, and in the course of this, obviously picking them up they injure themselves. And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets for literally more money than a sterile syringe, in the first place. Which is quite bizarre. In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him, picked up a syringe and pricked his finger -- I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end -- and immediately whipped out a box of matches, lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger, giving me full assurance that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.

這些巴基斯坦的小孩子不上學(xué)，他們很幸運(yùn)，他們已經(jīng)有工作了。他們的工作是到醫(yī)院的後面，去收集針筒，并清洗針筒，這麼做的同時(shí)，他們當(dāng)然會(huì)扎傷自己。他們把針筒重新包裝拿到市場上去賣，可以賣到很好的價(jià)錢。比全新無菌的針筒還貴。這挺奇怪的。 在這個(gè)照片里，我們跟小孩的爸爸談話，他拿起了一個(gè)針筒時(shí)扎傷了自己，我不知道你們有沒有看到流出的血滴。他趕快拿出一盒火柴，點(diǎn)亮一支火柴把手指上的血燒乾，他跟我保證，這麼做就可以防止愛滋病的傳染。

In China, recycling is a major issue. And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here -- and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes, and then put back out on the street. So recycling and reuse are the major issues here. But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia. In all schools in Indonesia, there is usually a toy seller in the playground. The toy seller, in this case, had syringes, which they usually do, next door to the diggers, which is obviously what you would expect. And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols. They squirt them at each other. Which is lovely and innocent. And they are having great fun. But they also drink from them while they're in their breaks, because it's hot. And they squirt the water into their mouths. And these are used with traces of blood visible.

在中國針筒的回收是個(gè)大問題。針筒被大批地回收，你可以在這里看到它的規(guī)模，按大小來分類，全部用手，再送囘市場上去賣，所以再回收再使用。 在這里是個(gè)大問題，我在印尼倒是遇到一個(gè)有趣的故事，在印尼所有的學(xué)校里在操場上通常有一個(gè)賣玩具的人。在這里這個(gè)賣玩具的人把針筒當(dāng)玩具賣，這并不少見，針筒和鏟子一類的玩具擺在一起，這是常可預(yù)見的。學(xué)童們?cè)谙抡n時(shí)間用針筒當(dāng)水槍玩，他們把水射來射去，看來很天真可愛 ，他們玩得很開心。但他們也從針筒里喝水，在下課的時(shí)間，因爲(wèi)天氣很熱，他們用針筒把水射到嘴里，而在這些針筒里面常常還有殘留的血。

So we need a better product. And we need better information. And I think, if I can just borrow this camera, I was going to show you my invention, which I came up with. So, it's a normal-looking syringe. You load it up in the normal way. This is made on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license. You give the injection and then put it down. If someone then tries to reuse it, it locks and breaks afterwards. It's very very simple. Thank you. (Applause) And it costs the same as a normal syringe. And in comparison, a Coca-Cola is 10 times the price. And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.

所以我們需要更好的產(chǎn)品，更好的資訊。我想，讓我借這臺(tái)攝影機(jī)我要讓你們看看我的發(fā)明，我的新主意。 這看起來跟一般的針筒沒兩樣，用一樣的方法把藥劑吸入。我們發(fā)給了十四家廠商許可來制造這針筒，打完了針以後放下針筒， 如果有人要再去使用它， 它會(huì)鎖死并會(huì)斷裂。這是十分十分簡單的。謝謝 （掌聲）這和一般的針筒的價(jià)格是一樣的，跟可口可樂比起來，可口可樂比它貴了十倍 這可以防止針筒重復(fù)被使用20或30遍。

And I have an information charity which has done huge scale amount of work in India. And we're very proud of giving information to people So that little kids like this don't do stupid things. Thank you very much. (Applause)

我有一個(gè)資訊慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，在印度已經(jīng)做了很多工作，我們對(duì)提供資訊給人們感到很自豪，這使得小朋友們不會(huì)去作傻事。謝謝你們（掌聲）