中級(jí)美國(guó)英語簡(jiǎn)短反問句
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)用簡(jiǎn)短的反問句,比方用在陳述句后面的 "是嗎?" Is it?,"不是嗎?" Isn't it? 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們來聽這一課的對(duì)話. 這段對(duì)話的內(nèi)容是說鮑勃和珍妮暑假過后回到學(xué)校, 在校園里談到假期里作了什么事, 明年暑假預(yù)備作什么等等. 請(qǐng)你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Hello, Bob. How was your summer? You studied Chinese this summer, didn't you?
M: Yes, Jenny. I finished my summer school class.
F: Well, how was the course? Chinese is pretty difficult, isn't it?
M: It seemed that way at first. But after a while it became easier.
F: I'll bet you were the best in the class, weren't you?
M: Well, I did get an A. But how about you? You were going to travel, weren't you?
F: Not this summer. I worked to save money. I'm going to Europe next summer.
M: I'm going to China. I guess we'll have lots to talk about next year, won't we?
現(xiàn)在我們聽老師用慢速度把對(duì)話再念一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽.
F: Hello, Bob. How was your summer? You studied Chinese this summer, didn't you?
M: Yes, Jenny. I finished my summer school class.
F: Well, how was the course? Chinese is pretty difficult, isn't it?
M: It seemed that way at first. But after a while it became easier.
F: I'll bet you were the best in the class, weren't you?
M: Well, I did get an A. But how about you? You were going to travel, weren't you?
F: Not this summer. I worked to save money. I'm going to Europe next summer.
M: I'm going to China. I guess we'll have lots to talk about next year, won't we?
下面我們?cè)俾犂蠋煱褜?duì)話里有簡(jiǎn)短反問句的句子念一遍.
F: You studied Chinese this summer, didn't you?
F: Chinese is pretty difficult, isn't it?
F: You were the best in the class, weren't you?
M: You were going to travel, weren't you?
M: We'll have lots to talk about next year,won't we?
二.簡(jiǎn)短反問句
聽了上面的句子, 你對(duì)簡(jiǎn)短反問句的用法或許已經(jīng)有些概念. 簡(jiǎn)單地說這種反問句有三個(gè)規(guī)則, 第一點(diǎn)就是當(dāng)前面的陳述句是肯定的時(shí)候, 反問句就是否定的; 而前面的陳述句是否定的時(shí)候, 反問句就是肯定的; 第二點(diǎn)就是這種簡(jiǎn)短反問句是用兩個(gè)字構(gòu)成的, 第一個(gè)字一定是在前面陳述句里出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞或是助動(dòng)詞; 第二個(gè)字一定是代名詞而且指的就是陳述句里的主語; 第三點(diǎn)就是反問句和前面陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)必須一致. 好了, 現(xiàn)在我們按照規(guī)則作練習(xí), 第一組練習(xí)是用 is 或是 are 作否定的簡(jiǎn)短反問句, 請(qǐng)你注意在否定反問句里動(dòng)詞或是助動(dòng)詞一定要跟 not 連起來說, 比方is not 說成 isn't, were not 說成 weren't 等等. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽男老師念一些跟剛才那段對(duì)話有關(guān)系的句子, 然后跟著女老師把句子重復(fù)一遍.
M: Bob is a university student, isn't he?
F: Bob is a university student, isn't he?
M: Jenny is in the same university, isn't she?
F: Jenny is in the same university, isn't she?
M: They are talking on the campus, aren't they?
F: They are talking on the campus, aren't they?
M: The campus is big, isn't it?
F: The campus is big, isn't it?
M: They are talking about traveling, aren't they?
F: They are talking about traveling, aren't they?
下面我們用代換方式練習(xí)用 will not 也就是 won't 作簡(jiǎn)短反問句, 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說到鮑勃要到中國(guó)去旅行的事情, 比方他要坐飛機(jī)去, 要帶旅游指南去等等. 老師念一個(gè)句子, 接著老師念一個(gè)詞組, 學(xué)生就把詞組代換到原來的句子里. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Bob will fly to China, won't he?
M: take a guide book with him
F: Bob will take a guide book with him, won't he?
M: take a Chinese dictionary with him
F: Bob will take a Chinese dictionary with him,won't he?
下面老師換了一個(gè)句子, 練習(xí)用 should not 也就是 shouldn't 作反問句, 說明鮑勃去中國(guó)應(yīng)該有護(hù)照和旅游簽證等等. 請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣作練習(xí).
M: Bob should have a passport, shouldn't he?
M: have a tourist visa
F: Bob should have a tourist visa, shouldn't he?
M: take enough money with him
F: Bob should take enough money with him, shouldn't he?
下面老師又換了一個(gè)句子, 練習(xí)用 cannot 也就是 can't 作反問句說明鮑勃到中國(guó)去能作什么. 請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣作練習(xí).
M: Bob can go sightseeing, can't he?
M: take pictures
F: Bob can take pictures, can't he?
M: chat with Chinese
F: Bob can chat with Chinese, can't he?
下面我們練習(xí)在現(xiàn)在完成式句子后面用 hasn't 或是 haven't 加上主語代名詞作否定反問句. 練習(xí)里的句子有些談到珍妮決定到歐洲的事情,有的談到珍妮和鮑勃在大學(xué)里的生活. 練習(xí)的作法是由老師念一個(gè)陳述句,學(xué)生就把句子重復(fù)一遍, 并且在句尾加上適當(dāng)?shù)姆磫柧? 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Jenny has decided to go to Europe.
F: Jenny has decided to go to Europe, hasn't she?
M: Jenny has saved some money for the trip.
F: Jenny has saved some money for the trip, hasn't she?
M: Jenny and Bob have taken many interesting courses.
F: Jenny and Bob have taken many interesting courses, haven't they?
M: Jenny and Bob have learned a lot.
F: Jenny and Bob have learned a lot, haven't they?
一般現(xiàn)在式句子的否定句是在動(dòng)詞前面加上 don't 或是 doesn't. 所以一般現(xiàn)在式句子的否定反問句就是在句尾用 don't 或是 doesn't 加上主語代名詞. 現(xiàn)在我們來作代換練習(xí),學(xué)學(xué)這種說法.請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作代換練習(xí)的時(shí)候也一起作.
M: Bob and Jenny need education, don't they?
M: knowledge
F: Bob and Jenny need knowledge, don't they?
M: advice
F: Bob and Jenny need advice, don't they?
M: skills
F: Bob and Jenny need skills, don't they?
下面老師換了一個(gè)句子作代換練習(xí), 內(nèi)容是說鮑勃在開學(xué)之前需要作些什么.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí).
M: Bob needs to get a school catalogue, doesn't he?
M: register
F: Bob needs to register, doesn't he?
M: pay tuition
F: Bob needs to pay tuition, doesn't he?
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)賮韺W(xué)習(xí)作簡(jiǎn)短的反問句. 用 There is 或是 There are 開頭的句子在句尾加上否定反問句的時(shí)候必須用 isn't there 或是 aren't there. 現(xiàn)在我們來作一組練習(xí), 談?wù)劽绹?guó)教育. 練習(xí)的作法是先由老師念一個(gè)句子,學(xué)生重復(fù)一遍,并且在句尾加適當(dāng)?shù)姆磫柧? 請(qǐng)你還是跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí).
M: There are a lot of universities and community colleges in the United States.
F: There are a lot of universities and community colleges in the United States, aren't there?
M: There are adult education programs as well.
F: There are adult education programs as well, aren't there?
M: There are a lot of foreign students in American universities.
F: There are a lot of foreign students in American universities, aren't there?
剛才我們作的練習(xí)都是在肯定的陳述句的句尾加上否定的反問句, 下面我們要練習(xí)在否定的陳述句后面加上肯定的反問句. 下面這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是有關(guān)鮑勃到中國(guó)去的事情. 練習(xí)的作法還是由老師念一個(gè)句子. 學(xué)生在重復(fù)句子的時(shí)候在句尾加上適當(dāng)?shù)姆磫柧? 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候還是請(qǐng)你一起作.
M: Bob hasn't been to China yet.
F: Bob hasn't been to China yet, has he?
M: He won't go by boat.
F: He won't go by boat, will he?
M: He cannot get there by train.
F: He cannot get there by train, can he?
M: It isn't dangerous to fly.
F: It isn't dangerous to fly, is it?
M: He shouldn't worry about flying.
F: He shouldn't worry about flying, should he?
M: Bob doesn't plan to stop over in Hong Kong.
F: Bob doesn't plan to stop over in Hong Kong, does he?
下面一組練習(xí)是把被動(dòng)語態(tài)跟反問句配合起來.練習(xí)的做法是老師念一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)否定句, 學(xué)生跟著重復(fù)一遍, 并且在句尾加上適當(dāng)?shù)目隙ǚ磫柧?這些句子都是說到游客到中國(guó)旅行應(yīng)該注意的事情, 比方他們不應(yīng)該用美元, 不應(yīng)該跟私人換貨幣, 有些歷史古跡還不開放等等. 請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí).
M: U.S. dollars aren't used in China.
F: U.S. dollars aren't used in China, are they?
M: English isn't commonly spoken.
F: English isn't commonly spoken, is it?
M: Dollars cannot be exchanged with private citizens.
F: Dollars cannot be exchanged with private citizens, can they?
M: Some Chinese historical sites haven't been opened to the public.
F: Some Chinese historical sites haven't been opened to the public, have they?
M: Pictures shouldn't be taken in some museums.
F: Pictures shouldn't be taken in some museums, should they?
剛才我說過反問句的時(shí)態(tài)必須跟前面的陳述句一致. 在下面一組練習(xí)里, 陳述句都是過去式句子, 所以句尾的反問句也必須是過去式的. 練習(xí)里的句子都是說到珍妮和鮑勃夏天里的活動(dòng), 有些句子是肯定的, 有些句子是否定的, 你聽了老師念的句子之后請(qǐng)你把句子重復(fù)一遍, 并且在句尾加上適當(dāng)?shù)姆磫柧? 每作一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Bob took Chinese in summer school.
F: Bob took Chinese in summer school, didn't he?
M: He finished the course.
F: He finished the course, didn't he?
M: He was the best in his class.
F: He was the best in his class, wasn't he?
M: He didn't have much free time.
F: He didn't have much free time, did he?
M: Jenny worked in the summer.
F: Jenny worked in the summer, didn't she?
M: She had a good time in summer.
F: She had a good time in summer, hadn't she?
M: She saved some money.
F: She saved some money, didn't she?
M: She wouldn't waste her money.
F: She wouldn't waste her money, would she?
M: She couldn't go traveling.
F: She couldn't go traveling, could she?
三.聽短文回答問題
我們今天要聽的文章就是介紹什么是簡(jiǎn)短反問句. 文章里除了談到人們?cè)谑裁磮?chǎng)合用反問句, 還詳細(xì)說明了用這種反問句的幾個(gè)規(guī)則. 這些規(guī)則我剛才已經(jīng)用中文說明過了, 我們也按照規(guī)則作了不少練習(xí), 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你聽聽英文說明, 看看是不是聽得懂.
Tag questions are commonly used in conversations by American English speakers. Tag questions are short questions which are added to the end of statements. A person uses a tag question because he isn't sure of what he has said. He adds a tag question to his statement to make the listener talk. The listener may agree with the speaker or he may correct the speaker. Tag questions have two words. The first word is always a helping verb such as "is" or "does". The helping verb of a tag question must be the same tense as the tense of the main statement. All helping verbs can be used in a tag question. They may be positive or they may be negative contractions with "n't". The second word of a tag question is always a pronoun. The pronoun stands for the subject of the main statement. A name is never repeated in a tag question. Most languages have expressions like tag questions. But English tag questions are more difficult than those of other languages. Each tag question must agree in tense and subject with its preceding statement. However, when the statement is positive, the tag question must be negative; and when the statement is negative, the tag question must be positive. Tag questions in English are very difficult indeed.
剛才那篇文章你要是沒有全聽懂, 等一會(huì)兒還有機(jī)會(huì)聽, 現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問題.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: What are tag questions?
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: Why do people use tag questions?
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are the two words of a tag question?
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾犛⑽睦蠋熡寐俣劝盐恼履钜槐?
Tag questions are commonly used in conversations by American English speakers. Tag questions are short questions which are added to the end of statements. A person uses a tag question because he isn't sure of what he has said. He adds a tag question to his statement to make the listener talk. The listener may agree with the speaker or he may correct the speaker. Tag questions have two words. The first word is always a helping verb such as "is" or "does". The helping verb of a tag question must be the same tense as the tense of the main statement. All helping verbs can be used in a tag question. They may be positive or they may be negative contractions with "n't". The second word of a tag question is always a pronoun. The pronoun stands for the subject of the main statement. A name is never repeated in a tag question. Most languages have expressions like tag questions. But English tag questions are more difficult than those of other languages. Each tag question must agree in tense and subject with its preceding statement. However, when the statement is positive, the tag question must be negative; and when the statement is negative, the tag question must be positive. Tag questions in English are very difficult indeed.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問題, 每回答一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: What are tag questions?
F: Tag questions are short questions which are added to the end of statements.
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: Why do people use tag questions?
F: People use tag questions because they are not sure of what they have said.
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are the two words of a tag question?
F: The two words are a helping verb and a pronoun.
