中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(when與while)
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行式句子, 并且要學(xué)習(xí)用 when, w-h-e-n, when 跟while, w-h-i-l-e, while, 作表明時(shí)間的短句.現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)聽(tīng)今天這一課的對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容說(shuō)到凱特告訴亨利她開(kāi)車(chē)超速被交通警察罰錢(qián)的事情. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
F: I got a traffic ticket this afternoon.
M: Were you parking in the wrong place?
F: No, I was driving too fast.
M: How fast were you going?
F: 55 in a 35 mile per hour zone.
M: Why were you in such a hurry?
F: I left school late and I was trying to get home before the rush hour.
M: Did you make it?
F: No, when the police officer was giving me the ticket, the rush hour started. It took me twice as long to get home.
在剛才那段對(duì)話里有一個(gè)常用的詞 rush hour, r-u-s-h h-o-u-r, rush hour 這個(gè)詞指的是上下班交通最擁擠的時(shí)刻. 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔颜螌?duì)話聽(tīng)一遍. 這次老師念的比較慢, 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
F: I got a traffic ticket this afternoon.
M: Were you parking in the wrong place?
F: No, I was driving too fast.
M: How fast were you going?
F: 55 in a 35 mile per hour zone.
M: Why were you in such a hurry?
F: I left school late and I was trying to get home before the rush hour.
M: Did you make it?
F: No, when the police officer was giving me the ticket, the rush hour started. It took me twice as long to get home.
現(xiàn)在我把剛才那段對(duì)話里的過(guò)去進(jìn)行式句子挑出來(lái), 請(qǐng)老師再念一遍給你聽(tīng).
M: Were you parking in the wrong place?
F: I was driving too fast.
M: How fast were you going?
F: I was trying to get home before the rush hour.
F: When the police officer was giving me the ticket, the rush hour started.
二.過(guò)去進(jìn)行式
聽(tīng)了上面那些句子,你或許已經(jīng)注意到過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)就是把動(dòng)詞加上i-n-g, 比方 "停車(chē)" park, p-a-r-k, park 變成 parking, "去" go, g-o, go 變成 going, 然后在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞前面斟酌情況用 was, w-a-s, was 或是 were, w-e-r-e , were.現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作一組練習(xí), 由老師念一過(guò)去式句子, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生把句子改成過(guò)去進(jìn)行式, 這些句子都是從剛才那段對(duì)話里挑出來(lái)的. 下面就是一個(gè)例子:
M: Did you park in the wrong place?
F: Were you parking in the wrong place?
好, 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始作練習(xí). 學(xué)生作句子的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Did you park in the wrong place?
F: Were you parking in the wrong place?
M: I drove too fast.
F: I was driving too fast.
M: How fast did you go?
F: How fast were you going?
M: I tried to get home before the rush hour.
F: I was trying to get home before the rush hour.
M: The police officer gave me a traffic ticket.
F: The police officer was giving me a traffic ticket.
三.WHEN
在英文里過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)是用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的事情; 而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)是用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的時(shí)候另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中.這種句子只有在對(duì)話中才能夠單獨(dú)存在, 所以我們必須在剛才練習(xí)過(guò)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行式句子后面分別加上一個(gè)用 when, w-h-e-n, when 開(kāi)頭的短句來(lái)說(shuō)明過(guò)去兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的先后程序. 比方 "交通警察在寫(xiě)罰款單給我的時(shí)候,交通就開(kāi)始擁擠起來(lái)了" 這句話應(yīng)該這樣說(shuō): The rush hour started when the police officer was giving me a traffic ticket.
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作一組練習(xí), 把剛才學(xué)過(guò)的句子加上時(shí)間短句. 練習(xí)的作法是先由老師念一個(gè)有時(shí)間短句的過(guò)去進(jìn)行式句子,然后你會(huì)聽(tīng)到一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的答覆,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)你所聽(tīng)到的來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 首先我們舉一個(gè)例子:
M: How fast were you going when the police officer stopped you?
F: 55 miles per hour
F: I was going 55 miles per hour when the police officer stopped me.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始作練習(xí), 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.
M: Were you parking in the wrong place when you got a traffic ticket?
F: No
F: No, I wasn't parking in the wrong place when I got a traffic ticket.
M: Were you driving too fast when you got a traffic ticket?
F: Yes
F: Yes, I was driving too fast when I got a traffic ticket.
M: How fast were you going when the police officer stopped you?
F: 55 miles per hour
F: I was driving 55 miles per hour when the police officer stopped me.
M: Were you trying to get home before the rush hour when the police officer stopped you?
F: Yes
F: Yes, I was trying to get home before the rush hour when the police officer stopped me.
M: Was the police officer giving you a ticket when the rush hour started?
F: Yes
F: Yes, the police officer was giving me a ticket when the rush hour started.
下面我們用代換方式作另外一組練習(xí). 在這組練習(xí)里用 when 開(kāi)頭的短句包含的是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 比方亨利問(wèn)凱特: "在你超速的時(shí)候你知道時(shí)速限制是多少嗎?" Did you know the speed limit when you were speeding? 這個(gè)練習(xí)談的都是亨利問(wèn)凱特關(guān)于她開(kāi)車(chē)超速的時(shí)候的事情. 在這組練習(xí)里, 你可以學(xué)到跟交通有關(guān)系的幾個(gè)詞, 比方 "時(shí)速限制" speed limit, s-p-e-e-d l-i-m-i-t, speed limit, "規(guī)則" , r-e-g-u-l-a-t-i-o-n, regulation, "交通標(biāo)志" traffic sign, t-r-a-f-f-i-c s-i-g-n, traffic sign, "交通信號(hào)燈" traffic light, t-r-a-f-f-i-c l-i-g-h-t, traffic light, "公路" highway, h-i-g-h-w-a-y, highway 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始作練習(xí).
M: Did you know the speed limit when you were speeding?
M: did you know the regulation
F: Did you know the regulation when you were speeding?
M: did you see the police car
F: Did you see the police car when you were speeding?
M: did you see the traffic sign
F: Did you see the traffic sign when you were speeding?
M: did you see the traffic light
F: Did you see the traffic light when you were speeding?
M: what was the speed limit
F: What was the speed limit when you were speeding?
M: how was the traffic
F: How was the traffic when you were speeding?
M: were you on the highway
F: Were you on the highway when you were speeding?
M: were you in a hurry
F: Were you in a hurry when you were speeding?
四.WHILE
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)用 while, w-h-i-l-e, while 作表明時(shí)間的過(guò)去進(jìn)行語(yǔ)態(tài)短句. 這個(gè)字跟我們學(xué)過(guò)的 when 意思相同,但是在用法上有一些區(qū)別. while 只能跟進(jìn)行語(yǔ)態(tài)一起用, 而 when 不受這個(gè)限制. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)過(guò)去的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)都在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候比較常用 while.下面我們來(lái)作一組練習(xí), 內(nèi)容還是談到亨利問(wèn)凱特有關(guān)她被交通警察攔下來(lái)的事情. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你根據(jù)亨利問(wèn)的問(wèn)題作肯定的答覆.每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確的答案.
M: Were you talking to the police officer while he was writing the ticket?
F: Yes, I was talking to him while he was writing the ticket.
M: Were you looking at him while he was writing the ticket?
F: Yes, I was looking at him while he was writing the ticket.
M: Were you listening to the radio while you were waiting in your car?
F: Yes, I was listening to the radio while I was waiting in my car.
M: Were you smoking while you were waiting in your car?
F: Yes, I was smoking while I was waiting in my car.
M: Were you thinking while you were smoking?
F: Yes, I was thinking while I was smoking.
下面我們來(lái)作另外一組練習(xí), 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)凱特向亨利說(shuō)明她開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候并沒(méi)有在吃東西或是在打電話等等. 練習(xí)的作法是凱特先念一個(gè)句子, 接著你會(huì)聽(tīng)到亨利說(shuō)出一個(gè)動(dòng)作, 比方 "打電話" making a telephone call 或是 "作白日夢(mèng)"daydreaming 等等. 請(qǐng)你用亨利說(shuō)的字或是詞來(lái)代換原來(lái)句子里第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞.每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.
F: I wasn't eating while I was driving.
M: drinking
F: I wasn't drinking while I was driving.
M: sleeping
F: I wasn't sleeping while I was driving.
M: making a telephone call
F: I wasn't making a telephone call while I was driving.
M: daydreaming
F: I wasn't daydreaming while I was driving.
M: singing
F: I wasn't singing while I was driving.
下面一組練習(xí)是由老師念出兩個(gè)過(guò)去式句子, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生把句子改成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)并且用 while 把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子. 首先舉個(gè)例子.
M: Henry watched television at home. The police officer gave Kate a ticket.
F: Henry was watching television while the police officer was giving Kate a ticket.
這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)當(dāng)警察把罰款單給凱特的時(shí)候,別人都在作什么. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)老師念句子, 并且在學(xué)生作句子的時(shí)候也一起作.
M: Henry watched television at home. The police officer gave Kate a ticket.
F: Henry was watching television at home while the police officer was giving Kate a ticket.
M: Peter camped in a national park. Henry watched television at home.
F: Peter was camping in a national park while Henry was watching television at home.
M: Mary hiked in a forest.Peter camped in a national park.
F: Mary was hiking in a forest while Peter was camping in a national park.
M: Linda looked at Peter's graduation pictures. Mary hiked in a forest.
F: Linda was looking at Peter's graduation pictures while Mary was hiking in a forest.
M: Jenny studied in her dormitory. Linda looked at Peter's graduation pictures.
F: Jenny was studying in her dormitory while Linda was looking at Peter's graduation
pictures.
M: The police officer gave Kate a ticket. Jenny studied in her dormitory.
F: The police officer was giving Kate a ticket while Jenny was studying in her dormitory.
五.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題
首先我們來(lái)聽(tīng)一篇文章, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)在美國(guó)街道和公路上開(kāi)車(chē)有什么限制,比方要是有人開(kāi)車(chē)超速, 警察就會(huì)寫(xiě)罰款單給他; 要是有人一連拿了好幾張罰款單就可能暫時(shí)不準(zhǔn)開(kāi)車(chē)等等.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
Many regulations govern drivers on American streets and highways. The most common ones are the speed limits. The speed limit regulates how fast a car may go. On streets in the city, the speed limit is usually 25 or 35 miles per hour. On the highways between cities, the speed limit is usually 55 miles per hour. When people drive faster than the speed limit, a policeman can stop them. The policeman gives them pieces of paper which people call traffic tickets. Traffic tickets tell the drivers how much money they must pay. When drivers receive too many tickets, they probably cannot drive for a while. The rush hour is when people are going to work or going home from work. At rush hour there are many cars on the streets and traffic moves very slowly. Nearly all American cities have rush hours. Drivers do not get tickets very often for speeding during the rush hours because they cannot drive fast.
剛才那篇文章你聽(tīng)懂了嗎? 如果沒(méi)全部聽(tīng)懂, 不要緊, 等一會(huì)兒我請(qǐng)英文老師再念一遍給你聽(tīng). 現(xiàn)在我們先來(lái)聽(tīng)今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are the speed limits on American streets and highways?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What will happen when people drive faster than the speed limit?
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: How is the traffic during the rush hour?
現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師用慢速度再把整篇文章念一遍.
Many regulations govern drivers on American streets and highways. The most common ones are the speed limits. The speed limit regulates how fast a car may go. On streets in the city, the speed limit is usually 25 or 35 miles per hour. On the highways between cities, the speed limit is usually 55 miles per hour. When people drive faster than the speed limit, a policeman can stop them. The policeman gives them pieces of paper which people call traffic tickets. Traffic tickets tell the drivers how much money they must pay. When drivers receive too many tickets, they probably cannot drive for a while. The rush hour is when people are going to work or going home from work. At rush hour there are many cars on the streets and traffic moves very slowly. Nearly all American cities have rush hours. Drivers do not get tickets very often for speeding during the rush hours because they cannot drive fast.
好, 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are the speed limits on American streets and highways?
F: On streets in the city, the speed limit is usually 25 or 35 miles per hour. On the highways, the speed limit is usually 55 miles per hour.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What will happen when people drive faster than the speed limit?
F: A policeman can stop them and give them tickets.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: How is the traffic during the rush hour?
F: The traffic is usually very slow during the rush hour.
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