Listen To This3lesson 13
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News in Brief
News Item 1:
General Comprehension. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
1. The special committee is composed of _____________.
a. twelve Supreme Court judges
b. twelve Senators
c. twenty House representatives
d. twenty Federal jurors
2. The purpose of the special committee is ______________.
a. in charge of the impeachment trial of Federal Judge Harry Claiborne
b. in charge of an impeachment trail proposed by Federal Judge Harry Claiborne
c. in charge of an impeachment trial chaired by Harry Claiborne
d. in charge of the impeachment trial of Harry Claiborne chaired by a Federal Judge
3. Claiborne is serving a jail sentence because ____________.
a. he exceeded speed limit
b. he took bribes
c. he dodged his taxes
d. he was a drug addict
News Item 2:
1. True or False Questions.
(1) President Reagan launched his campaign for a drug-free America today.
(2) According to President Reagan all the federal workers would be required to take drug-tests.
(3) President Reagan's legislative package would increase the federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred million dollars.
(4) According to President Reagan, the federal government's attitude toward drugs is getting stiff.
(5) The mandatory drug testing has been welcomed by all employee groups.
2. Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
We are getting ; we mean . To those who , we say " ." And to those who , we say " ."
News Item 3:
Focusing on Details. Fill in the detailed information according to what you have heard.
person was killed and injured today when a bomb exploded at police . It was in in the French capital.
3. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.
(1) A terrorist group called
" " has been very active in Paris, who has clamed responsibility for the series of there recently, in addition to over the past year.
(2) The anti-terrorist measures announced by Jacques Chirac include increased and requirement of for .
(3) According to Dominique Moazi, French involvement in , the long French tradition of , and the in repressing terrorist activities have made France an ideal target of terrorists.
4. True or False Questions.
(1) The terrorist group responsible for the current series of bombings in Paris started its activity at the beginning of this year.
(2) The Committee has promised to stop its bombing campaign as soon as three of their members are released by the French government.
(3) It is believed that George Ibraham Abdullah was responsible for the murder of a US Military Attache in 1982.
(4) People from Western European countries and from Switzerland are not required to have a visa to enter France.
(5) During an initial period of fifteen days, American citizens will be exempt from the visa requirement.
(6) Various terrorist organizations intend to plague France, and Paris in particular, for the French involvement in the Gulf area.
5. Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
France has been plagued in recent years. In the past , three French members of in Lebanon have been killed by . Today, France called for of to discuss of the force. in Beirut are also a major concern for .
6. Identification. Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II by recognizing the person's affiliation or the organization's activity.
Column I
(1) Francois Mitterand
(2) George Abdullah
(3) Dominique Moazi
(4) recent bombings in Paris
(5) Jacques Chirac
Column II
a. French Institute for International
b. Committee for Solidarity with Arab Middle-Eastern Prisoners
c. French Prime Minister
d. Lebanese Army Faction
e. French President
Answer: (1) ?? ; (2) ?? ; (3) ?? ; (4) ?? ; (5) ?? .
Special Report
1. General Comprehension. True or False Questions.
(1) The US House Intelligence Committee believes that the damage caused by recent spy cases has cost millions of dollars.
(2) The Reagan Administration's counter-intelligence programs have been proved quite effective.
(3) According to Senator Durenberger, though some progress has been made in the counter-intelligence efforts, much more needs to be done.
(4) According to CIA, forty percent of the diplomatic representatives from the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries in the United States are professional intelligence officers.
(5) According to the Committee, the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries, apart from the spy work in the United States, also use United Nations organizations to conduct worldwide spying operations.
2. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
(1) The report released by the United States Senate Intelligence Committee demands __________.
a. the administration's public acknowledgement of the damages done from espionage
b. specific steps to tighten security in the US government and military operation
c. extensive changes in US security policies and counter-intelligence
d. quick improvement by the Reagan Administration in security
(2) Patrick Leahy believes the most serious threat to national security comes from _________
a. buildup of Soviet arms
b. espionage and lax security
c. buildup of Soviet military personnel
d. breakthrough in weapon development
(3) The Walker-Whitworth spy ring helped the Soviet Union _____________.
a. to impair American intelligence operations
b. to penetrate some of the most vital parts of US foreign policy structures
c. to damage US military plans and capabilities
d. to decode American military communications
(4) Senator Durenberger praised the Reagan Administration for ___________.
a. tough talks on the issue of national security
b. the progress in toughening up security clearance for personnel
c. the improvements in its counter-intelligence programs
d. the proposed re-investigations of recent spying cases
3. Focusing on Details. Fill in the detailed information according to what you have heard.
(1) The report of the US Senate Intelligence Committee states that the from is worse than anyone in the government has yet . It concludes that and capabilities , intelligence operations . US technological advantages in some areas because of . And diplomatic secrets were .
(2) Durenberger sums up the current situation by saying: " , too much , too many , too little for securing , and too little given to the very which spies represent to our ."
4. Paraphrase Senator Durenberger's description of the current security system.
5. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statement.
The Committee makes specific recommendations, including
a. greater emphasis on ,
b. a system,
c. more money for , and ,
d. tighter controls on .
6. Identification. Fill in the following chart concerning the two speakers in the report.
Name: Durenberger
State:
Pol. Affil.:
Position: of the Senate Intelligence Committee
Name: Leahy
State:
Pol. Affil.:
Position: of the Senate Intelligence Committee
Impeachment
Impeachment is a challenge of the practice or honesty of some public figures, especially, the attempt to bring a public official before the proper tribunal on charges of wrong-doings. According to American Constitution, the House of Representatives has the sole power of impeachment and the Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
1. Champs Elysees
In French it means Elysian Fields. It is a Parisian boulevard connecting the Place de la Concorde with the Place de I' Etoile and its Arc de Triomphe as well as the rest of this most important avenue of Paris leading to the park from which it derives its name.
2. Francois Mitterand
Francois Maurice Mitterand is a well-known French statesman, who was elected the President in 1981.
1. Vermont
Situated in the northeastern United States, Vermont is the second largest of the six New England states and ranks forty-third in size among the fifty states. The word Vermont derives from the French words "vert" (green) and "mont" (mountain), because of the Green Mountains which traverse the state. Vermont entered the Union in 1791. Montpelier is the capital.
2. Walker-Whitworth spy ring
It is an espionage case described by US Federal officials as the largest and most damaging in recent US history. The spy ring includes three members of the same family: John Walker, Jr., a retired navy warrant officer, charged in May with spying for the Soviet Union for nearly twenty years; Michael Walker, John Walker's son and a navy yeoman aboard the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz, charged with providing classified documents to his father; and Arthur Walker, John Walker's brother and a retired navy lieutenant commander, also charged with delivering classified documents to his brother. The fourth principal figure in the case was Jerry Whitworth, a former navy enlisted man charged with passing classified materials to John Walker.
3. Warsaw Pact
It stands for a treaty of defense and mutual assistance signed in 1955 by Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rumania and the USSR in response to the formation of NATO. Albania withdrew in 1968 when Czechoslovakia was invaded.
4. Minnesota
Situated in the western north-central United States, Minnesota is the largest of the Midwestern states and ranks the twelfth in size among the fifty states. It has innumerable lakes, and the sources of the Red, St. Lawrence, and Mississippi Rivers. Its name derives from the Sinoux Indian word "minisota", meaning "sky-tinted waters." Minneapolis is its largest city, but St. Paul is the capital. It entered the Union in 1858.
5. GRU
GRU stands for Glavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Upravleniye, the Central Intelligence Office of the Soviet Union. It is chief intelligence directorate of the Army general staff. The GRU deals primarily with military intelligence, and, although at times there have been indications of competition and conflict with the KGB, the latter dominates.
President Reagan today continued his campaign for a drug-free America. He ordered mandatory testing for federal workers in sensitive positions. And he also sent Congress a legislative package that would increase federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred million dollars, much of that on increased border patrols. The President said the legislation is the federal government's way of just saying no to drugs. "We're getting tough on drugs; we mean business. To those who are thinking of using drugs, we say 'Stop.' And to those who are pushing drugs, we say 'Beware.'" Mandatory drug testing for some federal workers is the most controversial part of the President's plan. It's been condemned by some employee groups.
One person was killed and more than fifty injured today in Paris when a bomb exploded at the drivers' permit office at police headquarters. It was the fourth blast in seven days in the French capital.
In Paris today, one person was killed and more than fifty were injured when a bomb exploded at police headquarters. This is the fourth attack on a crowded public target in a week. A police officer was killed yesterday while removing a bomb from a restaurant on the Avenue Champs Elysee. Minutes after that incident, Prime Minister Jacques Chirac announced new security measures aimed at curbing terrorist activities in France. Melodie Walker reports from Paris.
A group calling itself "the Committee for Solidarity with Arab and Middle-Eastern Prisoners" has claimed responsibility for the current series of bombings in Paris, in addition to ten other attacks in the French capital over the past year. The Committee has delivered messages to news agencies in Beirut threatening to continue its bombing campaign in Paris until the French government agrees to release three men jailed in France on charges of terrorism. One of the convicted prisoners, George Ibraham Abdullah, is believed to be the leader of the Lebanese Army Faction suspected of killing a US Military Attache in Paris in 1982. The French government has officially declared it will not release the prisoners. In response to the repeated attacks in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac last night announced new anti-terrorist measures: military patrols along the French borders will be increased and, beginning today, all foreigners will require a visa to enter France. Citizens of European Common Market countries and Switzerland will be exempt from the visa requirement. But Americans planning to visit France will need to apply for visas at the nearest French consulate. For an initial period of fifteen days, however, emergency visas will be granted at French airports and other border checkpoints. France has been plagued with terrorism at home and abroad in recent years. In the past two weeks, three French members of the United Nations peace keeping force in Lebanon have been killed by remote-controlled bombs. Today, France called for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss the role and safety of the force. Seven French hostages in Beirut are also a major concern for the Chirac government. Dominique Moazi, Associate Director of the French Institute for International Relations, says the bombings in Paris, the attacks on the UN troops, and the hostage situation are all indirectly related.
"I think there is a global goal, which is looked after, and that is to punish France for its involvement in Middle-Eastern affairs, either Lebanon or the war between Iran and Iraq. And France is, at the same time, more visible than any other European actors, in Lebanon and in the Gulf."
According to Moazi, the long French tradition of granting political asylum has made France more open and accessible to terrorist activities.
"In the past we have given, unfortunately, the impression, which was maybe a reality, of being less resolute in our treatment of terrorist action than, for example, the Israelis. So that combination of visibility, vulnerability, and lack of resolution has made us the ideal target for terrorists now."
In a statement released today, President Francois Mitterand said, "The fight against terrorism is the business of the entire nation." But despite the government's determination to combat terrorism, the question of how to do it remains unanswered. For National Public Radio, this is Melodie Walker in Paris.
The United States Senate Intelligence Committee today released a report calling for sweeping changes in US security policies and counter-intelligence, its first unclassified assessment of recent spy cases the Committee says the damage done has cost billions of dollars, threatening America's security as never before. NPR's David Malthus has the story.
The report states that damage done from espionage and lax security is worse than anyone in the government has yet acknowledged publicly. It concludes that US military plans and capabilities have been seriously compromised, intelligence operations gravely impaired. US technological advantages have been overcome in some areas because of spying. And diplomatic secrets were exposed to adversaries. Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy is Vice-Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee.
"The national security is many times threatened more by this than by the buildup of Soviet arms, of the buildup of Soviet personnel, or breakthrough in weapon development."
The Committee report says foreign intelligence services have penetrated some of the most vital parts of US defense, intelligence, and foreign policy structures. The report cites a string of recent cases, including the Walker-Whitworth spy ring, which gave the Soviets the ability to decode at least a million military communications. Despite some improvements by the Reagan Administration in security and tough talk over the last two years, the report also concludes that the administration has failed to follow through with enough specific steps to tighten security, and that its counter-intelligence programs have lacked the needed resources to be effective. Republican Dave Durenberger of Minnesota, Chairman of the Intelligence Committee, sums up the current situation this way:
"Too many secrets, too much access to secrets, too many spies, too little accountability for securing our national secrets, and too little effort given to combating the very real threat which spies represent to our national security."
Senator Durenberger said the Committee found some progress has been made in toughening up security clearances for personnel, and some additional resources have been devoted to countering technical espionage, but he said much more needs to be done and he described the current security system as one "paralyzed by bureaucratic inertia." The Committee makes ninety-five specific recommendations, including greater emphasis on re-investigations of cleared personnel, a streamlined classification system, more money for counter-intelligence elements of the FBI, CIA and the military services, and tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hostile countries. The report cites FBI assessments on how extensively the Soviets use diplomatic cover to hide spying activity. There are twenty-one hundred diplomats, UN officials, and trade representatives from te Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries living in the United States. And according to the FBI, 30% of them are professional intelligence officers. The Committee report also says the Soviet Union is effectively using United Nations organizations worldwide to conduct spying operations. It says approximately eight hundred Soviets work for UN agencies, three hundred of them in New York, and one fourth of those are working for the KGB or the Soviet military intelligence, the GRU. Next week, the Reagan Administration is to deliver to the Congress its classified report on counter-intelligence. I'm David Malthus in Washington.
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