大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：簡(jiǎn)單句：陳述句

陳述句：

用來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。

▲陳述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.(他是個(gè)中學(xué)生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把錘子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我們地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡)

▲陳述句的否定式：

1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是 be 、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在它們的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教師)/ He does not have a cousin.(他沒(méi)有堂兄弟)/ I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那兒)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母親現(xiàn)在不在廚房里做飯)/ You must not make such mistakes again.(你不該再犯類似錯(cuò)誤了) / We haven’t discussed the question yet(我們還沒(méi)有討論那個(gè)問(wèn)題呢).

2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果沒(méi)有上述詞語(yǔ)而是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí),須在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一無(wú)所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬)/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.(我們沒(méi)指望著在這里見(jiàn)到她)/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我們沒(méi)有開(kāi)會(huì))

3)如果“have”作“有”講,也可以在它后面加not構(gòu)成否定式,其形式與have got的否定式相同。如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.(我沒(méi)有兄弟姐妹)

have 的否定形式：

當(dāng)表示“有”的意思時(shí)，可以采用以下三種形式：have+not;do not+ have; have+ no+ n. 如：I have not enough food to eat.= I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat.

當(dāng)have為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用“have+ not”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I have not been toShanghai。

當(dāng)have既不表示“有”，也不作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，用“do not+ have”結(jié)構(gòu)。I didn’t have breakfast this morning.

具體到反義疑問(wèn)句中，則遵循以下原則：

a.當(dāng)have表示“有”含義時(shí)，反意疑部問(wèn)部分可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：

He has a book in his hand, hasn't he?

He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?

b.當(dāng)陳述部分的動(dòng)詞是have“有”的否定形式時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分是用have形式還是用do形式，取決于陳述部分的動(dòng)詞形式。例如：

You haven't a car, have you?

You don't have any money with you, do you?

c.當(dāng)have不表示“有”含義而表示其他含義時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句則必須用do的形式。例如：

We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we?

He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he?

You have to get up early tomorrow, don't you?

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等詞時(shí),用not一般構(gòu)成部分否定,如果要完全否定,則通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;All of them went there.→None of them went there.(他們?nèi)既チ四抢?rarr;他們?nèi)紱](méi)去那里)

②句子中含有l(wèi)ittle、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等詞時(shí), 則視為否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.(幾乎沒(méi)有人生活在那里因?yàn)槟抢锏纳钐D難了)

③陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他)在口語(yǔ)中可以直接表示疑問(wèn),表示驚訝或明知故問(wèn)。如：That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)

④陳述句一般情況下應(yīng)使用正常的語(yǔ)序, 即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他。但是有時(shí)會(huì)倒裝,詳見(jiàn)“倒裝句”。

⑤所有的從句一律使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即在連接詞后采用“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”的順序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. (老人告訴我說(shuō)他還要在這兒住幾年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告訴我在聚會(huì)上你都看見(jiàn)了誰(shuí)嗎?)