演講集萃“奧巴馬在上海與中國青年對話”回答現(xiàn)場和網(wǎng)友提問實錄
2009年11月16日美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在上海與中國青年對話。以下為奧巴馬回答現(xiàn)場和網(wǎng)友提問實錄：
So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.
我只想確保這能進行得順利。順便提一句，這是一種在美國的這類直接對話會中十分常見的傳統(tǒng)做法。我們要做的是——如果你想提問，就請舉手。我會叫到你。我會交替回答現(xiàn)場觀眾的問題和學(xué)生們代為提出的來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的問題，還有，我想洪博培大使可能會提一個我們通過大使館網(wǎng)站征集到的問題。
So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what's your name?
讓我們開始吧，先看看——我來采取這樣的做法：先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，然后——這樣輪流，以便大家認為公平。好嗎？首先我要請前排這位年輕女士提問。請等一下拿到麥克風(fēng)再講，讓大家都能聽到。你叫什么名字？
[現(xiàn)場提問]
Q My name is (inaudible) and I am a student from Fudan University. Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.
問：我的名字叫（聽不清），我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生。自1985年以來，上海與芝加哥就結(jié)為了姐妹城市，兩座城市在經(jīng)濟、政治和文化方面進行了各種廣泛的的交流活動。那么，您將采取什么舉措來加深美國與中國各城市間的這種緊密聯(lián)系？上海將于明年舉辦世界博覽會。您會帶著您的家人來參觀世博會嗎？謝謝。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago -- my home town -- that he's visited there twice. And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng): 十分感謝你提出這個問題。我來這里之前，恰在與上海市長共進午餐，他告訴我，他與芝加哥市——我的家鄉(xiāng)——有著極好的關(guān)系，他已經(jīng)到芝加哥市訪問過兩次。我認為城市之間進行交流是非常好的事。
One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China. But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well. So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.
我與上海市長討論的內(nèi)容之一是，兩座城市如何能夠在清潔能源戰(zhàn)略上彼此學(xué)習(xí)，因為把中國與美國聯(lián)系在一起的問題之一是：隨著人口的增長和對氣候變化的擔(dān)憂，我們?nèi)绾文軌驕p少我們兩國的碳足跡。顯然，在美國和許多發(fā)達國家中，按人口、按每個人平均計算，他們使用的能源比起在中國這里的每個人使用的能源要多得多。但隨著中國的增長和發(fā)展，它也將使用更多的能源。因此兩國都十分想要找到新的戰(zhàn)略。
We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.
我們談到了公共交通及上海正在發(fā)展的優(yōu)異的軌道線。我認為我們在芝加哥和美國可以從正在建造的精良的高速軌道工程中學(xué)習(xí)一些東西。
In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.
在美國，我想我們正在學(xué)習(xí)建造使用更少能源、節(jié)能效率更高的建筑。而我知道，就上海來說——我一路過來看到那么多起重機和那么多正在建造中的新樓房，我們開始吸收這些新技術(shù)十分重要，從而將使每幢大樓在照明方面、在取暖方面都做到節(jié)能。因此我認為這是一個向彼此學(xué)習(xí)的很好的機會。
I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I would love to attend. I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.
我知道，清潔能源將成為上海世界博覽會的一個主要焦點——我從上海市長那里了解到這一點。因此我將樂于出席。我現(xiàn)在還無法確定我未來的日程安排；但我感到十分高興的是，在上海世博會里將有一個十分精彩的美國館。我聽說預(yù)計將有多達7000萬人來參觀。因此這里將會人山人海，而且會十分激動人心。
Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.
芝加哥在歷史上曾舉辦過兩次世博會，那兩次世博會都給這座城市帶來了巨大推動力。我確信同樣的情況會在上海這里出現(xiàn)。
Thank you. (Applause.)
謝謝。（掌聲）
Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case --
讓我們從網(wǎng)上的提問中選一個問題吧。請介紹你自己，萬一 ……
Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay?
問：我先說中文，再說英語，好嗎？
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：好的。
[現(xiàn)場提問]
問：我提的這個問題來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。我要謝謝總統(tǒng)先生在您任期內(nèi)第一年訪問中國，在中國與我們交換意見。我想知道您這次訪問中國給中國帶來什么，您又將帶什么回美國？（掌聲）
Q I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China. I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States? (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：我這次訪問的主要目的是，加深了解中國以及中國對未來的展望。我與胡主席已經(jīng)有多次會晤。我們共同參加了應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟金融危機的20國集團會議。我們就一系列廣泛議題進行了磋商。但是我認為，美國繼續(xù)加深對中國的了解非常重要，正如中國也同樣需要繼續(xù)加深了解美國。
In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights -- but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.
至于我希望從這次會晤或從這次訪問中看到什么成果，除了借這個絕好的機會參觀故宮和長城，并與在座的各位見面——這些都是主要內(nèi)容——我還打算與胡主席討論一個要點，也就是洪博培大使前面談到的，沒有美國和中國的共識，就無法戰(zhàn)勝多少全球性的挑戰(zhàn)。
So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change. The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China. On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.
我來舉一個具體例子，這就是我們剛剛談到的氣候變化問題。美國和中國是世界上最大的兩個溫室氣體放排及碳排放國，這種排放導(dǎo)致地球變暖。如我在前面所說，美國作為一個高度發(fā)達的國家，人均能源消耗量和溫室氣體排放量比中國高得多。另一方面，中國的增長速度更快，人口更多。因此，除非我們兩國有意愿在這個問題上采取關(guān)鍵步驟，否則我們就無法解決這個問題。
There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations -- obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States -- but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.
在定于12月舉行的哥本哈根會議上，世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將努力尋找一項方案，使我們大家都能夠作出各自不同的承諾，對各國承擔(dān)的義務(wù)有所區(qū)分——顯然，因為中國貧困人口多得多，因此不必采取與美國完全相同的行動——但是，在計劃如何減少溫室氣體方面，我們大家都應(yīng)承擔(dān)一定的義務(wù)。
So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting -- a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? (Applause.)
這個例子說明了我希望在這次會晤中看到什么成果——我將與胡主席交換想法，討論美中兩國如何能夠共同發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。因為，我可以告訴你們，世界上其他國家將等待著我們。他們將觀察我們的行動。如果他們認為美國和中國并不認真對待這個問題，那么他們也就不會認真對待它。這是我們兩國現(xiàn)在肩負的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任。我的希望是，通過越來越多的討論和對話，我們能夠向世界更多地展示我們在許多這些關(guān)鍵問題上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。好不好？（掌聲）
All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.
好吧，下面該輪到男生了，對嗎？我來請這位小伙子提問。
[現(xiàn)場提問]
問：總統(tǒng)先生，下午好。我來自同濟大學(xué)。我想引用孔子的一句話：“有朋自遠方來不亦樂乎”。在《論語》中有一句名言叫和而不同。中國倡導(dǎo)一個和諧世界。我們知道美國形成了一種以多元化為特點的文化，請問您的這屆政府會采取哪些措施來建設(shè)一個由不同文化組成的多元化世界？您會采取哪些措施尊重其他國家不同的文化和歷史？我們將來能進行哪些合作？
Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is always good to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China advocates a harmonious world. We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity. I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point. The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We have people coming from all around the world. And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she's married to a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. (Laughter.)
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：這一點提得非常好。美國的優(yōu)勢之一就是我們有一種非常多元化的文化。我們那里有來自世界各地的人。因此，對于美國人長什么樣不能一言以蔽之。以我自己的家庭為例，我父親來自肯尼亞，我母親來自美國中西部的堪薩斯州，我妹妹有一半的印度尼西亞血統(tǒng)，她又嫁給了一位華裔加拿大人。因此，我們奧巴馬全家的聚會就像聯(lián)合國一樣。（笑聲）
And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.
而這就是美國的力量所在，因為它意味著我們從不同的文化、不同的飲食和不同的想法中學(xué)到東西，這使我們的社會變得更加生機勃勃。
Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.
與此同時，每個國家在相互連通的世界中都擁有自己的文化、自己的歷史和自己的傳統(tǒng)。因此，我認為對于美國來講重要的一點是，不能自認為對我們有利的東西也一定會給其他人帶來好處。我們在對待其他國家時態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)謙虛。
I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's a universal value.
但我必須說明，正如我在開場白中所說的那樣，我們確實認為一些基本原則是人所共有的，不論文化背景如何。例如，在聯(lián)合國，我們非常積極地努力確保世界各地的兒童都享有某些基本權(quán)利——如果兒童受到剝削，如果他們被強迫做童工，盡管以前在包括美國在內(nèi)的許多國家都可能發(fā)生過這樣的事情，但是世界上所有的國家現(xiàn)在都應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)展到能以比過去更好的方式對待兒童的程度。這是一種普世價值觀。
I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of thebest indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't.
我相信在對待婦女的態(tài)度上也是如此。我在來這里之前同上海市長共進午餐并進行了很有意思的討論，他告訴我現(xiàn)在中國高等院校中有很多專業(yè)的在校女生實際上比男生多，而且她們的學(xué)習(xí)非常好。我認為這是一個極好的進步指標(biāo)，因為縱觀世界各地的發(fā)展就會看到，一個國家的發(fā)展是否成功的最重要指標(biāo)之一，就是該國女童受教育的情況以及婦女享有的待遇。而那些能夠發(fā)揮婦女的聰明才智和能量，并能為她們提供良好教育的國家，通常比那些沒有這么做的國家有更好的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world. And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.
當(dāng)然，不同的文化對男性和女性之間的關(guān)系可能會有不同的態(tài)度，不過我認為美國的觀點是，我們必須申明全世界婦女的權(quán)利。如果我們看到女性在一些社會中受到壓迫，得不到機會，或遭受暴力，我們將大聲疾呼。
Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that. But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values. And we -- and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.
有些人可能不同意我們的觀點，我們可以就此展開對話。但我們認為有必要恪守我們的理念和價值觀。當(dāng)然，我們在這樣做的時候必須謙遜，必須認識到我們自己并非十全十美，在很多問題上還有待取得進展。如果你們問一問美國婦女，她們會告訴你，有一些男性對婦女在社會中的地位還抱著老觀念不放。因此，我們不能說我們解決了全部問題，但我們認為必須為這些普世理念和這些普世價值觀大聲疾呼。
Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet.
好吧。下面要回答一個通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提出的問題。
Q Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.
問：您好，總統(tǒng)先生。我非常榮幸能來到這里見到您本人。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：謝謝你。
[現(xiàn)場提問]
問：我將讀一個從網(wǎng)上選出的對您的提問，這個問題是一個臺灣人提出的。他在提問時說：我來自臺灣，現(xiàn)在在大陸做生意。由于兩岸關(guān)系近年來不斷改善，我現(xiàn)在在大陸的生意做得很好。因此，當(dāng)我聽到美國有人要提議——繼續(xù)向臺灣出售武器的消息時，我開始感到非常擔(dān)心。我擔(dān)心這會破壞海峽兩岸的關(guān)系。因此，總統(tǒng)先生，我想知道您是否支持改善兩岸關(guān)系。當(dāng)然，這個問題雖然是一位商人提出的，但所有年輕的中國學(xué)生其實都非常關(guān)心這個問題，所以我們特別希望了解您在這個問題上的立場。謝謝。（掌聲）
Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose -- continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question. Thank you. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China. We don't want to change that policy and that approach.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：謝謝你。我一貫明確表示，本屆政府完全支持一個中國的政策，即幾十年前發(fā)布的三個聯(lián)合公報所闡明的我們與中華人民共和國的關(guān)系以及我們與臺灣的關(guān)系。我們不想改變這項政策和這項方針。
I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of -- and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.
我非常高興地看到緊張局勢的緩解和海峽兩岸關(guān)系的改善，而且我非常盼望和希望我們能繼續(xù)看到臺灣和中國其他地區(qū)在解決很多這類問題時顯著改善關(guān)系。
One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved. We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.
我認為，美國在對外政策中，也包括在對中國的政策中，一直尋求的是通過對話和談判解決問題的途徑。我們一貫認為這是最好的途徑。而且我認為，這個地區(qū)正在建立的經(jīng)濟和商貿(mào)聯(lián)系有助于緩解很多在你們出生前，甚至在我出生前就已形成的緊張關(guān)系。
Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place -- there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology. And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay?
但有些人在考慮這些問題時仍然向后看，而不是展望未來。我更愿意展望未來。就像我剛才說的，我認為正在建立的商貿(mào)關(guān)系——當(dāng)人們認為他們能夠做生意賺錢時，有些因素會使他們的想法變得非常清楚，而不致過分擔(dān)心意識形態(tài)的問題。我認為這個地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)這種變化，而且我們非常支持這一進程。
Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on you next.
好吧，該輪到女生了，是吧？就是這一位。等一下，讓我們——哎呦，對不起，他們把話筒拿回到這邊了。下一個問題我再請你提。
Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead.
請講，我一會兒到這邊來。請講。
Q Thank you.
問：謝謝您。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：我過一會兒再請你提問。我要先叫她，然后再叫你。
Go ahead.
請講。
[現(xiàn)場提問]
問：好的，謝謝您?？偨y(tǒng)先生，我是上海交通大學(xué)的學(xué)生。我想請問一個關(guān)于諾貝爾和平獎的問題。依您之見，您獲得諾貝爾和平獎的主要原因是什么？它會給您更多責(zé)任和壓力來促進世界和平嗎？它會對您處理國際事務(wù)的想法產(chǎn)生影響嗎？非常感謝。
Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace. In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to -- more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you -- will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. That was an excellent question. I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it's a great honor. I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize. All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：謝謝。這個問題提得很好。我必須說，沒有人比我對贏得諾貝爾和平獎更感到吃驚。這當(dāng)然是一項殊榮?；谶^去獲獎?wù)叩妮x煌歷史，我不認為我的獲獎是完全實至名歸的。但是，我只能謙卑地接受這一事實，也就是，使委員會受到感動的是美國民眾以及那種不僅讓美國發(fā)生改變、而且讓美國對世界的方針發(fā)生改變的可能性。因此我想，以某種方式說，雖然他們頒給我這個獎，但我更只是一個象征，代表了我們在處理國際事務(wù)方面改變做法的努力。
In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.) And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's a similar saying in China -- we have a saying: "You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.
至于我所感受的重擔(dān)，我能擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)一職著實為莫大的榮幸。每當(dāng)我抱怨工作太繁重時，我的妻子總是提醒我：“你可是自愿要做這份工作的。”（笑聲）我不知道中國是否有類似的諺語，但是我們美國人會說：“你鋪了床，就得在上面睡覺。”大意是，你在許愿時要當(dāng)心，因為你可能真的會如愿。
I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent of Africa -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.
我們大家都有促進世界和平的義務(wù)。這并非總是易事。世界上依然存在很多幾世紀(jì)以來尚未解決的沖突?？纯粗袞|，有些戰(zhàn)爭和沖突是基于千年之前的爭論。在全球的很多地方，例如非洲，還有一些難以解決的民族和部落沖突。
And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.
顯然，目前我身為美國總統(tǒng)，職責(zé)之一是擔(dān)任三軍統(tǒng)帥，而我的首要任務(wù)是保護美國人民。由于“9.11”襲擊和世界各地的恐怖襲擊造成無辜人民的傷亡，我的責(zé)任就是確保我們根除這些恐怖組織，并且和其他國家合作解決這類暴力問題。
Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples -- through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.
然而，盡管我不認為我們可以完全消除國家或民族之間的暴力，我還是認為我們肯定可以減少民族之間的暴力——通過對話、交換意見、以及增進民族和文化之間的理解。
And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage. And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.
特別是在今天，只要一個人引爆一顆炸彈就能造成大規(guī)模的破壞，因此我們比以往任何時候都要更加努力推進促進和平的策略。技術(shù)可以是為人類造福的強大工具，但是也能讓少數(shù)人有機可乘，造成極大的損害。所以我衷心希望在我和胡主席會面時以及雙方的持續(xù)交往中，美中兩國能夠攜手合作，設(shè)法減少正在發(fā)生的種種沖突。
We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. (Applause.)
然而，我們要在這樣做，在我們動用軍隊的時候，還需想到，因為我們是如此強有力的大國，因此必須時刻反省我們的作為，檢視我們的動機和自身的利益，確保我們不會僅僅因為沒有人能夠阻止我們就使用武裝力量。大國強國的責(zé)任之一就是，在國際社會中以負責(zé)任的態(tài)度行事。我希望美中兩國能夠協(xié)力創(chuàng)建一個減少全球沖突的國際規(guī)范。（掌聲）
Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that --
好。怎么樣？Jon——我將讓我的大使提問，我想他有一個通過使館網(wǎng)站提的問題。這是個挑選出來的問題，我想是由是我們美國記者團成員挑選的， 所以….
AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right. And not surprisingly, "in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to use Twitter freely" -- is the question.
洪博培大使：對。而且毫不奇怪：“在一個有3億5千萬網(wǎng)民，6千萬博客的國家，你聽說沒聽說過防火墻？” 第二，“我們該不該能夠自由使用Twitter（嘰喳網(wǎng)）？”——就是這個問題。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter. I noticed that young people -- they're very busy with all these electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates new ideas. It encourages creativity.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：首先，我要說，我從沒用過Twitter。我注意到，年輕人他們都忙著這些電子?xùn)|西。我的指頭在電話上打字有些不靈。但是，我對技術(shù)深信不疑，我深信信息交流的開放性。我以為，信息交流得越自由，社會就越強大，因為這樣世界各國的公民可以向自己的政府問責(zé)。他們會開始獨立思考，從而產(chǎn)生新思想，鼓勵創(chuàng)造性。
And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use. I'm a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet --or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged.
所以，我從來都是一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公開使用的支持者。我大力支持信息不受管制。這也是我剛才所說的美國傳統(tǒng)的一部分，我認識到不同的國家有不同的傳統(tǒng)。我可以告訴你們，在美國，我們具有的自由的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——或者說上網(wǎng)無限制，是我們力量的一個來源，我覺得應(yīng)該得到鼓勵。
Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time. I think people naturally are -- when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear. It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.
我應(yīng)該告訴你們，我應(yīng)該坦誠地說，作為美國總統(tǒng)，有時候我倒希望信息傳播得沒有這么自由，因為這樣我就不會老是聽到別人批評我。我覺得人很自然地——當(dāng)他們在有權(quán)有勢的時候就會想，那個人怎么能那樣說我，或者，那是不負責(zé)任的，等等。然而事實是，由于在美國信息是自由交流的，在美國有許多人批評我，說我什么的都有，我其實認為這讓我們的民主體制更強大，也讓我成為一個更好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，因為這種做法迫使我傾聽那些我不想聽的意見，迫使我審視我每天的所作所為，看一看我是否為美國人民盡了全力。
And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation. In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well.
我認為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成了這種公民參與的更強大的工具。其實，我能當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)的原因之一，就是因為通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)我們能夠調(diào)動起像你們這樣的年輕人的參與。開始的時候，誰也不認為我們能贏，因為我們并沒有所必須的財力最大的人的支持，也沒有最有勢力的政治掮客。但通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，人們對我們的競選活動產(chǎn)生了激情，他們開始組織起來，聚會，安排競選活動、事項和集會，最后成了真正的自下而上的運動，使我們能夠干得出色。
Now, that's not just true in -- for government and politics. It's also true for business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was -- less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist.
而這并不僅是政府和政治事務(wù)的情形，商務(wù)也是如此。大家想想，像谷歌（Google）這樣一個公司，僅在20年前——不到20年前，來自兩位不比你們大多少的人的設(shè)想。當(dāng)時它是一個科技項目。但突然間，因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的緣故，他們能夠創(chuàng)立起一個給世界各地商務(wù)帶來變革的新產(chǎn)業(yè)。所以說，若不是有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的自由和開放，就不會有谷歌。
So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, the more we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together.
因此，我大力支持不對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)、以及Twitter等信息技術(shù)實行限制。我們越開放，就越能夠溝通，這也將有助于讓世界走到一起。
Think about -- when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha -- one is 11, one is 8 -- from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about. And that's just an enormous power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about.
想一想——在我想到我的女兒瑪莉婭（Malia）和薩夏(Sasha)的時候，她倆一個11歲，一個8歲，她們可以從自己的房間里上網(wǎng)，游歷到上海。她們可以到世界任何一個地方，可以學(xué)習(xí)了解任何她們想了解的事情。她們擁有的是一種多么大的力量。我認為，這有助于推進我們剛才談到的那種理解。
Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay?
如我剛才所說，技術(shù)總有不利的一面。它也意味著恐怖分子能夠以過去也許不可能的方式在網(wǎng)上組織起來。極端分子可以進行調(diào)動。所以，開放是有一些代價的，這不可否定認。但是，我認為，好處如此遠遠超過壞處，還是保持開放為好。這是我對這個論壇有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的部分感到高興的原因。
I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone.
我再回答兩個問題，下一個問題來自一位男士，我想是。對，就在這里。給你麥克風(fēng)。
[現(xiàn)場提問]
問：首先，我想說，我非常榮幸能站在這里向您提問，我覺得我的運氣太好了，您的講話如此清楚，我都用不著這樣一個耳機。（笑聲）
Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. (Laughter.)
我的問題是這樣的。我的姓名是（聽不清），我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)管理學(xué)院的學(xué)生，我想問您這個問題——有人已經(jīng)問過您有關(guān)諾貝爾和平獎的某個方面的事情，我不想再問同一方面的問題，我想要問：贏得這樣崇高的榮譽是非常不容易的——我想要知道，我們都想知道，您是如何爭取到的？您得到的是什么樣的大學(xué)教育，幫助您獲得了如此殊榮？ 我們都很好奇，我們想請您分享您的大學(xué)教育經(jīng)歷，以便走上成功之路。
And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from Fudan University School of Management. And I would like to ask you the question -- is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that -- how you struggled to get it. And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize. (Laughter.) So I can't guarantee that. But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following. Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard. You're curious. You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：首先，我要告訴你，我并不知道有一個能指引你贏得諾貝爾和平獎的教學(xué)大綱或者課程。（笑聲）所以我不能給你保證。但是我想，獲得成功的訣竅其實就是你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在實踐的。毫無疑問，你們都十分努力，你們在努力學(xué)習(xí)，你們有好奇心，你們愿意思考新的思想，并且自己作思考。你們知道，我現(xiàn)在所碰到的最激勵我的成功者，是那些不僅愿意十分努力地工作，而且總是在提高自己的人，他們不斷探索新思路，而不是僅僅墨守成規(guī)。
Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.
當(dāng)然，通向成功的道路各不相同，你們中的一些人將進入政府機構(gòu)；有些可能想成為教師或教授；也有些人可能想進入商貿(mào)界。但是我想，無論你進入哪個領(lǐng)域，如果你能持續(xù)不斷地提高自己，不盡全力決不滿足，而且不斷提出新問題——“我是否還能用不同的方式來做？” 無論是在科學(xué)技術(shù)還是藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，“是否還有沒人想到過的新的解決問題的途徑？”——我想這樣一些人通常能夠超群出眾。
The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.
我還有最后一點建議，這個建議曾經(jīng)使我受益匪淺，那就是我最敬仰的那些成功人士們，他們不是僅為自己著想，而是還考慮超越個人范圍的事情。他們希望為社會作出貢獻。他們希望為自己的國家、自己的民族、自己的城市作出貢獻。他們希望能夠產(chǎn)生超出自己個人生活以外的影響力。
I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and -- all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition. They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world. And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working.
我想，我們許多人都會忙于給自己掙錢，買一輛好車，買一座舒適的房子——所有這些都重要，但是那些真正對世界產(chǎn)生永久性影響的人是因為他們有遠大的理想。他們問自己：我如何幫助更多的人免遭饑餓？我如何幫助沒上過學(xué)的兒童接受教育？我如何幫助以和平方式化解沖突？我認為只有這樣的人才能最終對世界產(chǎn)生重大影響。我相信，只要像你們這樣的年輕人繼續(xù)努力下去，就能夠產(chǎn)生這樣的影響。
All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately. We've run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.
還有問題嗎？好，這是最后一個問題。很遺憾，時間過得真快，最后回答一個網(wǎng)友的提問，因為我希望確保我們這三位出色的學(xué)生都有機會提問。
問：總統(tǒng)先生，很榮幸能提最后一個問題。我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生，今天我也是中國青年[聽不清]的代表。我想這是一個來自北京的問題：非常關(guān)注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主義是否仍然是美國最大的安全威脅？您如何評估在阿富汗的軍事行動？它是否會演變成另一場伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭？非常感謝您。
Q Mr. President, it's a great honor for the last question. And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth (inaudible.) And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：我認為這是一個非常好的問題。首先，我繼續(xù)認為美國安全面臨的最大威脅是像“基地”組織那樣的恐怖主義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。原因是，雖然他們?nèi)藬?shù)很少，但他們已經(jīng)表明他們毫無人性，不惜濫殺無辜民眾。由于今天的技術(shù)，如果一個這樣的組織得到大規(guī)模毀滅性武器——例如核武器、化學(xué)武器或生物武器——并且在一個城市使用，無論是在上海還是紐約，少數(shù)幾個人就可能殺害數(shù)萬人甚至數(shù)十萬人。因此，這的確構(gòu)成極大的威脅。
Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.
我們最初進入阿富汗的原因是因為“基地”組織在那里，塔利班接納了他們。現(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)越過阿富汗邊界進入巴基斯坦，但他們在該地區(qū)保持了與其他極端主義組織建立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我確信，我們有必要在阿富汗實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定，使阿富汗人民能夠保護自己，同時作為伙伴來幫助削弱這些極端主義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的力量。
Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing -- one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavy heart.
顯然這是非常困難的事情——在我的工作中，最難做的決定之一就是命令年輕人奔赴戰(zhàn)場。我經(jīng)常要會見那些陣亡官兵的父母親，那些軍人不能再回家。這于我是一個精神重負，我為此感到沉痛。
Fortunately, our Armed Services is -- the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go. And I think that it is possible -- working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia -- to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left.
幸運的是，我們的武裝部隊——這些從軍的年輕人——他們堅信為國奉獻，自愿去前線。我相信，通過更廣泛的聯(lián)盟，包括我們的北約盟國和其他貢獻力量的盟友——如澳大利亞——我們有可能幫助訓(xùn)練阿富汗人，使他們有一個能夠發(fā)揮作用的政府，擁有自己的安全部隊，然后我們可以逐步撤回我們的部隊，因為到那時已經(jīng)不存在塔利班下臺后所形成的真空。
But it's a difficult task. It's not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers. And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.
但這是一項艱巨的任務(wù)，并不容易。我認為，要最終擊敗這些恐怖主義極端分子，我們必須理解這不僅僅是一項軍事行動。我們還要知道是什么驅(qū)使年輕人變成恐怖分子，他們?yōu)槭裁丛敢獬洚?dāng)自殺爆炸手。顯然，這有很多不同的原因，其中包括對宗教的歪曲，使人們誤認為這種暴力行為是正當(dāng)?shù)?。巴基斯坦和阿富汗等地之所以發(fā)生那些事件，原因之一是那些年輕人沒有受過教育，也沒有進取機會，所以他們在生活中看不到出路，這使得他們以為那樣做是惟一的選擇。
And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay?
因此，我們在阿富汗要做的事情之一是尋找途徑來培訓(xùn)教師，建立學(xué)校，改善農(nóng)業(yè)，給人民以更大的希望。這樣做不會改變?yōu)跛_馬·本·拉登（Osama bin Laden）之流的想法，他們的意識形態(tài)是根深蒂固的，就是要打擊西方。但這樣做會改變那些他們想要招募的年輕人，這很重要。從長遠來看，這至少和我們所能采取的任何軍事行動同等重要，甚至更為重要。好嗎？
All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you. First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English. Clearly you've been studying very hard. And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations.
好。我感到非常愉快。非常感謝各位。首先我想說我非常欽佩你們每一個人的英語水平，顯然你們很用功。有機會和大家見面使我感到美中關(guān)系的未來充滿希望。
I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.
我希望你們很多人有機會來美國旅行和訪問。你們會受到歡迎。我相信你們會發(fā)現(xiàn)美國人民對中國人民是很熱情的。我深信，有了你們這些年輕人和我所知道的美國年輕人，我們兩個偉大的國家將繼續(xù)繁榮昌盛，并幫助創(chuàng)造一個更加和平、安全的世界。
So thank you very much everybody. Thank you. (Applause.)
因此，非常感謝各位。謝謝你們。（掌聲）
