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15篇文章貫通六級(jí)詞匯MP3(字幕版)Unit13-Part2

所屬教程:15篇文章貫通六級(jí)詞匯MP3(字幕版)

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https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0001/1215/unit13-part2.mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012

A dvertisements depict gender bias

while promoting products.

Looking at merchandise displays

in any mall will reveal that

a picture of a juvenile lad would

be near construction equipment

while an ad for perfume

would likely show a female.

The drawback of this seemingly innocent way

of displaying merchandise is that

they tend to affirm the bias

of the individuals who design them.

This is a serious flaw.

Maybe the intent was not to be exclusive

but that is the end result

of the message that is evoked,

whether subliminal or overt.

An alternate way of viewing the world,

with either both genders portrayed

or neither with the items,

may seem bizarre but marketing specialists

have been applauded

for making the effort to do so.

The hypothesis has been suggested

that if this practise were widespread

it would facilitate a change

for the better in the values

that are embedded in our society.

When you read a biography

in a newspaper in a metropolitan area,

you will find that different words

are used to describe males and females.

In almost any literary work,

personal appearance is seldom mentioned

when describing males,

but commonly used

when a female is the subject of the article.

Forms of address that are considered proper

to use are also discriminatory.

Males are always referred to as

Mr. (except a very young lad

might be addressed as Master).

There are several forms of abbreviations

to use before the name of a female.

It is permissible to use Mrs.,

Miss, or Ms.

The choice of abbreviation

is by personal preference

of the person being addressed

but they have different meanings.

Mrs. is used to signify a married woman.

Miss means an unmarried or single woman.

Ms. could mean either

and is the choice of many women

because it does not reveal their marital status.

How strange that society feels

it is necessary to be able

to deduce a woman's marital status

from her name by providing

this form of definitive identification.

A man could be married

or could be a bachelor

and one is not able

to ascertain his marital status from his name.

Why, then, is it necessary

to differentiate between a woman

who is married and one who is not?

Many of the cases of sexual harassment

that are dealt with in corporations

are a result of stereotyping.

Usually the person

who is the alleged harasser is a male

who supervises females.

Males have been taught by society

that they are the privileged gender

and have power over any female.

This is the basis

behind most incidents of harassment.

How strange that intelligent men feel entitled

to take advantage of females

in a subordinate position.

To heighten awareness,

forums or symposiums are held

to enlighten people about the importance

of using inclusive language

but may people still resist changing.

Some people are determined that

the word man also includes woman.

Sometimes the meaning does incorporate women

and sometimes it doesnt.

However, many woman insist that

they are never quite sure of the meaning

and suggest that the word humanity

should be used instead

when the intended meaning is both men

and women and then

there would be no confusion.

It is incomprehensible to others

why they refuse to change.

A booklet or pamphlet is available

for reference in most work places

to help people use inclusive language

in any writing in the workplace.

Some government offices have produced a leaflet

that can be used by companies

that do not have the impetus

or the resources to design their own.

Studies about gender differences

have suggested a hypothesis

that females have better verbal skills,

while males excel at tasks

requiring the ability to visualize.

Conclusions of many of the studies have proved

it invalid and found instead 

the differences between the genders

to be almost nil. T

here are, however, notable differences

between individuals regardless of their gender.

The absurd criterion for

judging a person's ability based on

their gender needs to be abolished.

Until this is seen as being abnormal,

the attempt to updated attitudes

without removing the underlying cause

of the societal values will be useless.

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