Since its fundamental completion in 1250, the cathedral has borne witness to many of the significant events of European history, as well as bearing the scars of its violent periods. It was the scene of the coronation of Henry VI of England in 1430, and later, that of Mary, Queen of Scots. It survived attempted destruction during the French Revolution to witness the crowning of Napoleon and Josephine. Since then, the Notre Dame de Paris has survived two world wars, and it remains a symbol of European history and resilience.