雅思議論文寫作題系列文章之二：論證結(jié)構(gòu)難
反觀雅思考試的議論文題目,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其問題模式無非可以總結(jié)為兩類:討論類和分析解決型.但是仔細(xì)分析的考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一類問題模式并不完全屬于其中的某一類.請(qǐng)看下面的幾個(gè)題目:
1. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
2. The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people from using cars?
3. In many places shopping is becoming a free-time activity, replacing the traditional hobbies of the past. Discuss the reasons for this development. Is this development positive or negative?
4. In the past, people used to travel to see the difference from their home country. However, the sceneries in places around the world seem similar nowadays. What are the causes of these similarities? Do you think that the advantages of this similarity outweigh the disadvantages?
上述三個(gè)題目都有兩問.第一問是要求討論分析原因和問題, 如factors, problems, reasons.如若是分析解決型,那么很顯然第二問就是要求提出解決方法等.可是這三個(gè)題目并非如此發(fā)展,而是問考生是否同意某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者認(rèn)為此現(xiàn)象是積極或消極的影響,屬于常見的討論類問題模式.所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)上述三個(gè)題目是所謂的分析解決型和討論類的綜合題型.那么這類題目所對(duì)應(yīng)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和單一的討論和分析解決都不一樣.我們遵守一個(gè)原則,問什么答什么.正文一段寫原因或問題,一段直接發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn),然后提出一些理由來支持.可參考下面的結(jié)構(gòu):
Introduction Background + Topic (Problems)
Body Causes / Problems
Topic Sentence
cause one / problem one + supporting sentences
cause two / problem two + supporting sentences
l cause three / problem three + supporting sentences
Discussion
My Opinion (Topic Sentence)
reason one + supporting sentences
reason two + supporting sentences
reason three + supporting sentences
Conclusion Restate my opinion
所以上面的第一題參考這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)就可以得出這樣的提綱:
Introduction People spend most of their adult life in their jobs, so job satisfaction is the most essential element for people to be well-being.
Body Several factors are thought to be critical to lead to job satisfaction
well paid
the opportunities to get promoted
suited to the job
However, it is different to ensure everyone to be satisfied with their jobs.
Different people have different definitions about job satisfaction
The employers are in the wild chase of higher and quicker profits.
Conclusion The employees have to stay positive and find a right job.
因此其他的三個(gè)題目也可以依照這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)得出相應(yīng)的提綱.此類題目的難度在于考生見到此類陌生的問題模式,會(huì)覺得考前準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)構(gòu),如模板等無處可用.專家建議考生要做好各手準(zhǔn)備,雖然此類題目出現(xiàn)機(jī)率很低,但還是在考前也列一個(gè)此類模板,以便隨機(jī)應(yīng)變.
