突擊雅思寫作：擊破無理可說的窘境
其實(shí)，剖析雅思寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，除了語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)非常重要的要求外，文章審題和結(jié)構(gòu)的安排，以及段落的擴(kuò)展也都是其評(píng)分范圍所涵蓋的。在接下來將為大家列舉近年的一些真題，從審題，結(jié)構(gòu)安排這些方面統(tǒng)一講解，并為大家總結(jié)了第一類解題方法——讓步法。但畢竟這類題目出現(xiàn)的幾率并不是占大頭的，絕大多數(shù)情況下，筆者還是建議考生使用“十大論證原則”這種方法。
十大論證原則
這個(gè)概念大家耳熟能詳，也是很多老師都比較推薦的方法，究其原因，無非是其比較具有實(shí)戰(zhàn)意義，即在解題時(shí)，通過十個(gè)常見的方面來擴(kuò)張論據(jù)素材。下面將十大原則列舉如下，并附以例子概括介紹。
1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)與就業(yè)原則
如“是否要戒煙”
Pros: 煙草行業(yè)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(promote the economic development)，
提高國(guó)家稅收收入(enhance the tax income of a country)
提供就業(yè)崗位(provide the opportunities of employment)
2. 時(shí)間與效率原則
如“是否限制飛機(jī)飛行”
Pros: 節(jié)省時(shí)間，提高效率(time-saving, enhance the efficiency)
3. 空間與安全原則
如“是否在社區(qū)里建工廠”
Cons: 占據(jù)空間，社區(qū)變得擁堵(occupy the space, overcrowded)
安全隱患(potential safety hazard)
4. 心理健康原則
如“是否要戒煙”
Cons: 產(chǎn)生心理依賴(psychologically dependent on smoking)
如“舊樓是否被現(xiàn)代化樓房代替”
Cons: 居民對(duì)舊樓有感情(be attached to the historical buildings)
5. 生理原則
如“是否要戒煙”
Cons: 有害身體健康，有可能導(dǎo)致肺癌(be detrimental to health, lead to lung cancer)
如“手機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)”
Cons: 有可能導(dǎo)致腦癌(have a potential to…)
6. 教育原則
如“舊樓是否被現(xiàn)代化樓房代替”
Cons: 一些舊樓是教育的絕好教材(a text book of teaching)
如“大學(xué)傳授知識(shí)”
Pros: 奠定研究和就業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)(lay a foundation for …)
7. 文化原則
如“全球化的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)”
Pros: 促進(jìn)文化的交流和傳播(the cultural communication)
Cons: 導(dǎo)致文化個(gè)性的消失(the extinct of cultural identity)
產(chǎn)生文化的矛盾和沖突(cultural conflict)
8. 環(huán)境和能源原則
如“是否限制使用汽車”
Cons: 空氣、噪音污染(air pollution and noise contamination)
能源危機(jī)(energy crisis)
9. 道德原則
如“是否拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)”
Cons: 不人道，太殘忍(inhumane, cruel)
10. 權(quán)利原則
如“是否拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)”
Cons: 剝奪動(dòng)物生存的權(quán)利(deprive animals’ rights of living)
例題示范
我們通過一個(gè)真題來了解這種方法的使用。
1.Tourism is believed to be a good way of improving a government’s tax income. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exploring this resource。
通過“十大論證原則”，我們分別將優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)列舉如下：
Pros：經(jīng)濟(jì)與就業(yè)原則(對(duì)國(guó)家和地區(qū)政府)，心理原則(對(duì)旅游者)，生理原則(對(duì)旅游者)，文化原則
Cons: 空間與安全原則(對(duì)個(gè)人)，文化原則，環(huán)境原則
通過上述分析，正文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下：
{原創(chuàng)范例} Admittedly, there is an opinion that the exploration of tourism exerts negative influences on environmental and cultural aspects。
For one thing, tourists are believed to produce severe environmental pollution, which breaks the ecological balance。
For another, such activities would definitely give rise to cultural conflicts between locals and visitors。
However, on no account can we lose sight that the government, the local residents as well as the travelers themselves gain benefits from the development of tourism。
To begin with, the municipal government is certain to increase the revenue income from this。
Besides, it is obvious that exploiting this resource would provide the local inhabitants with a large number of employment opportunities。
Last but not least, travelers can also broaden their horizon, and relieve the pressure accumulated from work or study。
2.Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is necessary for the development of science. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
本題關(guān)于拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)是否有利于科學(xué)的發(fā)展。在做brainstorming的時(shí)候，建議考生可以借助“十大論證原則”，將優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)列舉出來。
Pros: 經(jīng)濟(jì)原則，安全原則，生理原則
Cons: 道德原則，權(quán)利原則
經(jīng)過篩選，正文結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下：
{原創(chuàng)范例} Admittedly, there is an opinion that taking animals for the purpose of experimentation is unnecessary。
For one thing, they believe that such activities bring these animals unlimited suffering, which is inhumane and cruel。
For another, a range of animals rights’ protectors are worried that it is a behavior to deprive animals’ rights of living。
However, on no account can we lose sight that animals used for experiment are of great contribution to the development of science。
First and foremost, it is believed that certain kinds of animals, such as mice, share the same features with human beings。
Besides, animals used for experiment are much cheaper than human beings, which reduces the cost on researching。
Last but not least, scientists who use animals to conduct experiment are in the hope to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small group of patients。
