GRE寫作官方題庫高頻ARGUMENT題目滿分范文分享：begin to regulate retail milk prices

　　The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper:

　　"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."

　　滿分范文賞析

　　This editorial recommends that Batavia's government regulate milk prices to reduce supplier profits and guarantee an adequate supply of milk for consumption. To support these assertions the author cites the fact that over the past ten years the number of dairy farms in Batavia has increased by 25% while at Excello Food Market milk prices have doubled. The argument is nonsensical. Let’s explore.

　　【此段結構】

　　本段采用了標準的Argument開頭段結構，即：C – E - F的開頭結構，首句概括原文的C(Conclusion)。接下來的一句話概括了原文為了支持他的結論所引用的E(evidence)。最后尾句中給出開頭段到正文段的過渡句，指出原文在邏輯上存在F(Flaw)。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為Argument開頭段，具體功能就在發(fā)起攻擊。首先，概括原文的結論：建議Batavia(簡稱B)政府限制牛奶價格并保證牛奶的充足供應。接下來分別列舉了原文為了支持這個結論引用的證據：過去10年B地區(qū)dairy farm數量增長25%，Excello Food Market(簡稱EFM)牛奶價格翻倍，論據的歸納用于鋪墊出正文段的具體攻擊。最后點出原文存在邏輯錯誤，引出后面的分析。

　　First of all, the speaker offer’s only Excello's milk prices, a local store, and hopes an audience to accept that the price, which doubled, reflects prices throughout Batavia. Basic laws of economics indicate that when supply goes up, prices fall. It is highly probably that Excello’s prices are a unique peculiarity and that the high price can be attributed to a local issue: transport, convenience, and so on. To the extent that Excello's milk prices are correlated with national averages, the speaker makes no effort to mention.

　　【此段結構】

　　本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結構，即：概括第一個邏輯錯誤的錯誤類型和原文犯錯位置，接下來給出合理的理由和他因來反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第一段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯誤：調查類錯誤(以偏概全)。作者認為“EFM牛奶價格double”并不能反映B地區(qū)牛奶價格的整體情況。進一步，作者提出引起B(yǎng)地區(qū)牛奶價格double的local issue來反駁原文中的觀點，例如transport, convience等。原文更沒有提出EMF價格和national average的關系。

　　In the second place, for the sake of argument, let us assume that Excello's milk prices do reflect those in Batavia. The speaker claims that milk prices are particularly "excessive" and assumes that milk-sale profits are going to milk producers. This has not been proven to be the case. Returning to basic laws of economics, if supply goes up profits go down. There is strong evidence that there are alternative causes for the rise in price and there is a great possibility that the producers of milk are not the beneficiaries of profit.

　　【此段結構】

　　本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結構，即：概括第二個邏輯錯誤的錯誤類型和原文犯錯位置，接下來給出合理的理由和他因來反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第二段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯誤：錯誤因果。作者認為原文中沒有證據說明牛奶價格過度上漲以及牛奶銷售利潤都給了producer。進一步，作者引用了經濟學定律：supply增長會導致profit下降。牛奶價格的上漲可能是alternative cause引起且producer不一定是獲利者。

　　In the third place, the author assumes that an increase in milk prices results in increased profits. It is reasonable to conclude that while prices have gone up, profits have actually remained the same and the price itself is the result of increase production cost. Thus the strength of the author's claim of excessive milk-sale profits is totally unfounded.

　　【此段結構】

　　本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結構，即：概括第三個邏輯錯誤的錯誤類型和原文犯錯位置，接下來給出合理的理由和他因來反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯誤：profit類。作者認為牛奶價格上漲不一定導致profit的增長。進一步，作者提出cost可能隨著price上漲而上漲，使得profit沒有發(fā)生變化。

　　In the fourth place, based on the fact that the number of dairy farms has increased, the author infers that the supply of milk has also increased. However, this is not necessarily the case. It is possible that dairy farm production has shifted away from milk to other dairy products, and that the supply of milk has actually declined over this time period. This scenario would make far more sense and would certainly find itself in accord with the basic laws of economics.

　　【此段結構】

　　本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結構，即：概括第四個邏輯錯誤的錯誤類型和原文犯錯位置，接下來給出合理的理由和他因來反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第四段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯誤：錯誤因果。作者認為原文中“dairy farm的增加推出milk supply的增加”這一論斷是有誤的。進一步，作者提出diary farm可能從生產牛奶過渡到生產其他乳制品。