高考英語作文：四步打造高分英語作文
作文是英語高考的重頭戲，每年作文的類型和主題也不盡相同，作文分?jǐn)?shù)的高低也直接影響著英語成績的高低，因此英文作文的備考也就成了每年英語備考的重點(diǎn)之一。下面我就不同的文體來講解一下如何打造高分英語作文：
一、各種類型作文的特點(diǎn)
★圖表作文
1.仔細(xì)審題，看懂圖表的意思，整理要點(diǎn)，決定語言形式；
2.開頭直截了當(dāng)，盡快入題，不要拐彎抹角，拖泥帶水；
3.行文一般以10個(gè)句子為宜。若用少于8句話來表達(dá)，句子容易表達(dá)不清；若用多于10句話來描述，則句子零亂與瑣碎，文章缺乏整體感；
4.用最有把握的詞語句型將規(guī)定內(nèi)容加以表達(dá)，并根據(jù)圖表大意議論；
5.應(yīng)按照合理順序，適當(dāng)使用一些過渡性的連接詞，將句子連珠成串；
6.結(jié)尾要干凈利落，既不能拉雜，也不能草率，要顯得自然，恰當(dāng)?shù)皿w。
★提示議論文
文章開頭，能依據(jù)提示確立主題句(topic)闡明觀點(diǎn)或看法；使用連接詞分層次說明理由、緣由(supporting sentences)；歸納總結(jié)，首尾呼應(yīng)。做到論點(diǎn)正確無誤；論據(jù)可靠充分。論據(jù)可以是人們公認(rèn)的真理，也可以是經(jīng)過實(shí)踐考證的經(jīng)典著作；論證合理嚴(yán)密。常用論證法有歸納法、推理法、對(duì)比法。
★記敘文
一般說來有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫作時(shí)要明白清楚地給予表達(dá)。記人時(shí)，要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等。敘事時(shí)要描寫事情發(fā)生與發(fā)展的過程。
★應(yīng)用文
主要以寫信為主。英文書信由6個(gè)部分組成。它們是信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語、簽字。格式一定要正確。信的正文和寫文章一樣，要分段寫，每一段有一個(gè)中心思想。
二、四步打造高分英語作文
Step1：確定文體
常用文體有記敘文、說明文，還有應(yīng)用文如書信等。近幾年的高考書面表達(dá)多以應(yīng)用文為主，提供的形式多以圖畫、提綱、表格出現(xiàn)，書寫的格式大都是書信、通知。所以，考生還應(yīng)該掌握信的稱呼、開頭、正文、結(jié)尾、簽名等方面，另外，口頭通知和書面通知的不同要清楚?？傊?，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)寫作提示分析材料，確定文體，闖過第一關(guān)。
Step2：確定時(shí)態(tài)和人稱
考生要根據(jù)選好的文體和寫作內(nèi)容確定時(shí)態(tài)。一般來說，記人敘事多用一般過去時(shí)；發(fā)布通知多用一般將來時(shí)和祈使句式；發(fā)表議論大多用帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；人物介紹、現(xiàn)狀說明常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。定準(zhǔn)時(shí)態(tài)后接下來一定要知道各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法要點(diǎn)，但要記住，寫作時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)并不惟一，要依據(jù)表達(dá)內(nèi)容而選定。
Step3：確定所需主要詞匯和所用表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)
在以上“兩確定”的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)該根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容逐個(gè)地確定寫作要點(diǎn)。對(duì)于圖畫和圖表可在草稿紙上用中文列出。理清要點(diǎn)，然后選詞造句，對(duì)列出的要點(diǎn)逐一翻譯。這時(shí)要注意力求語言準(zhǔn)確得當(dāng)。平時(shí)寫作要多進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維，如是用very sorry還是terribly sorry；是surprised還是astonished。同時(shí)考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)盡可能使用較高級(jí)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，如非謂語動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句等。最大限度地完美文章。
Step4：整理成篇 行文連貫
接下來要根據(jù)內(nèi)容分清文章的層次，確定詳略，將寫好的單句要重新排列組合起來，使之前后連貫成一篇完整的文章。同時(shí)選用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞使文章過渡自然，行文流暢。另外，根據(jù)內(nèi)容編排，該分段時(shí)要分段，使表達(dá)清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齊劃一，闖過寫作第四關(guān)。
三、作文模板
1.圖表作文模板
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), __作文題目的議題__ has been on rise/ decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from__ in __ to __ in __. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __.
2.議論文模板
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
3.應(yīng)用文(申請(qǐng)信)模板
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X
熟記一些模板也能起到事半功倍的效果，有備無患嘛！
