(一)題型描述
這是特征最明顯的一類(lèi)作文,要求考生根據(jù)題目所給的圖表寫(xiě)出文章。這種寫(xiě)作有一定的實(shí)用性,而且考查學(xué)生的觀察、描述和分析等多方面的能力,因此在四級(jí)、六級(jí)、考研及其他英語(yǔ)考試中都備受出題人的青睞。六級(jí)歷史上考過(guò)此類(lèi)作文的有2006年6月、2003年9月、2003年6月、2002年6月、1996年6月、1992年1月和1991年6月。在這里以2003年6月的真題為例進(jìn)行講解。
(二)真題示例
2003年6月
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the graph and outline below.
1.請(qǐng)描述圖表中房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化。
2.請(qǐng)說(shuō)明房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)變化的原因。
3.請(qǐng)描述房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)變化對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的影響。
(三)整體構(gòu)思
本題提綱非常明確、實(shí)用,也很具代表性。第一點(diǎn)旨在讓考生描述圖表,第二點(diǎn)要求考生分析圖表所反映的變化的原因,第三點(diǎn)要求寫(xiě)出這一變化的影響。這基本上也是所有圖表題的共同思路和寫(xiě)作步驟。在未給出提綱時(shí)就可以照此寫(xiě)出三段:
·描述變化
·說(shuō)明原因
·總結(jié)、建議或其他
(四)分段寫(xiě)作
下面分別講解每一段的寫(xiě)作。
第一段
本段仍然按照先總后分的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)寫(xiě)作。先總體描述一下變化,然后分開(kāi)說(shuō)明。特別要注意的是,不要大量、機(jī)械地羅列數(shù)據(jù),只需要指明整體變化趨勢(shì)和重要的、有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)即可。另外,因?yàn)槊枋鰣D表時(shí)不可避免地會(huì)提到表示“上升”、“下降”或“增加”、“減少”這樣的詞,因此一定要注意用詞的多樣性。表示“上升”或“增加”的詞除了increase外,還有rise,grow,expand,jump,climb,soar等;表示“下降”或“減少”的詞除了decrease外,還有fall,drop,decline等。另外可以根據(jù)情況使用表示“大幅度”或“小幅度”的形容詞,前者如sharp,dramatic,drastic,marked,remarkable,considerable等,后者如slow,slight,modest,gradual等。另外,有些圖表的描述需要用到“占(百分之多少)”的概念,表達(dá)也應(yīng)該有變化,如account for,make up,compose等。
第二段
分析住房所有權(quán)變化的原因?qū)芏鄬W(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)確實(shí)較難。這道題目提醒考生,平時(shí)應(yīng)該多思考,多做brainstorming的練習(xí),多想想身邊發(fā)生的各種變化的原因。除此之外,可以采用一些有邏輯性的思維方法,如橫向思維(政府的鼓勵(lì);個(gè)人收入的增加;房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的發(fā)展,即前面所提過(guò)的分類(lèi)思維法)和縱向思維(深挖其中某一條的原因,如個(gè)人收入為什么增加了)。
第三段
其實(shí)第三段在構(gòu)思上并不難,因?yàn)樘峋V已經(jīng)提示了兩個(gè)方面,即個(gè)人和社會(huì)。大家應(yīng)該都能想到,這種變化的影響是加重了一部分人的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和促進(jìn)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展,關(guān)鍵是怎樣表述成地道的英語(yǔ)。
(五)高分模板
其實(shí),通過(guò)這篇文章的寫(xiě)作,可以總結(jié)出幾乎所有圖表作文的模板,即下文中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的部分:
Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China
It can be seen from the chart that there have been dramatic changes in the ownership of houses in China in the past 50 years.While the percentage of state?owned houses has dropped from 70% in 1950's to 20% in 1990's,that of private houses has soared from 30% to 80% during the same period of time.
A number of factors could account for the change in the chart,but the following are the most critical ones.First,thanks to the policy of reform and opening?up,the nation's economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades.Therefore,people have more extra money to improve their housing.Secondly,other relevant state policies and the boom of real estate industry provide citizens with more opportunities to choose their own dwelling places.Last but not least,people have attached greater importance to their quality of life.Thus,more of them have purchased houses according to their own taste.
The changes stimulated the development of economy in this country,for the booming of the real estate industry contributed to the prosperity of a number of other industries.But we should not ignore problems resulting from the changes,such as poor?quality buildings and the financial burden on some poor residents.Only by solving these problems can we create a bright future for the real estate industry and the economy as a whole.
譯文
從圖表中可以看出,在過(guò)去50年中,中國(guó)的住房所有權(quán)發(fā)生了很大的變化。國(guó)有住房的比例從20世紀(jì)50年代的70%降至90年代的20%。在同一時(shí)期,私有住宅的比例從30%飆升至80%。
許多因素可以解釋圖表中的變化,但下面的幾個(gè)是最關(guān)鍵的。首先,由于改革開(kāi)放政策,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過(guò)去幾十年中一直在以相當(dāng)高的速度發(fā)展。因此,人們有更多的額外資金來(lái)改善自己的住房。其次,其他相關(guān)的國(guó)家政策和房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的繁榮為市民提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)選擇自己的住所。最后但同樣重要的是,人們更加重視生活質(zhì)量。因此,有更多的人根據(jù)自己的喜好購(gòu)買(mǎi)了房子。
這些變化刺激了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,因?yàn)榉康禺a(chǎn)行業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展促進(jìn)了其他許多行業(yè)的繁榮。但是,我們也不應(yīng)該忽視這些變化所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題,如劣質(zhì)建筑以及一些貧困居民的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)等。只有解決了這些問(wèn)題,才能為房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)和整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。
(六)學(xué)以致用
套用上面這一模板就可以輕松地寫(xiě)出更多與這篇真題作文相似的文章,如:
2006年6月六級(jí)真題
Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad.You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and the outline given below:
Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995,2000 and 2005
1.近十年來(lái)X市有越來(lái)越多的人選擇出境旅游
2.出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因
3.這種現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的影響
范文
Traveling Abroad
It can be seen from the chart that there have been sharp increases in the number of people in City X traveling abroad in the past decade.As the chart shows,the year 1995 witnessed only about 10,000 people from this city touring abroad.In 2000,the number soared to nearly 40,000.In 2005,more than 120,000 people in the city chose to spend their vacations outside China.
A number of factors account for the change in the chart,but the following are the most critical ones.First,thanks to the policy of reform and opening?up,the nation's economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades.Therefore,Chinese people have more extra money for traveling.Secondly,other relevant state policies and the boom of touring industry provide citizens with more opportunities to go out and see the world.Last but not least,people have attached greater importance to the quality of life,thus they spend more money and time traveling and sight?seeing.
The changes stimulated the development of economy in this country,for the booming of touring industry contributed to the prosperity of a number of other industries.But we should not ignore problems resulting from the changes,such as poor service and crowded traffic.Only by solving these problems can we create a bright future for touring industry and the economy as a whole.
譯文
出境旅游
從圖表中可以看出,在過(guò)去10年中X市出境旅行的人數(shù)急劇增加。如圖所示,1995年這個(gè)城市只有大約1萬(wàn)人出國(guó)旅游。 2000年,這個(gè)數(shù)字猛增到近4萬(wàn)。去年,超過(guò)12萬(wàn)人選擇到中國(guó)以外的地方度假。
許多因素可以解釋圖表中的變化,但下面幾個(gè)是最關(guān)鍵的。首先,由于改革開(kāi)放政策,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過(guò)去幾十年中一直在以相當(dāng)高的速度發(fā)展。因此,中國(guó)人有了更多的錢(qián)用于旅行。其次,其他一些相關(guān)的國(guó)家政策和旅游行業(yè)的繁榮為人們提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)走出去看世界。最后但同樣重要的是,人們更加重視生活質(zhì)量,因此,他們花費(fèi)更多的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間旅行和觀光。
這些變化刺激了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,因?yàn)槁糜螛I(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展促進(jìn)了許多其他行業(yè)的繁榮。但是,我們也不應(yīng)該忽視這些變化所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題,如服務(wù)差、交通擁擠等等。只有解決了這些問(wèn)題,才能為旅游業(yè)和整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。
當(dāng)然,沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)模板是萬(wàn)能的。上述模板比較適合寫(xiě)生活中的好現(xiàn)象,如“個(gè)人擁有住房增加”、“出國(guó)旅游人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)”、“健身人數(shù)增多”、“買(mǎi)車(chē)人數(shù)增多”、“考研人數(shù)增多”等等。但在寫(xiě)不好的現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問(wèn)題(如“吸毒人數(shù)增加”、“酒后駕車(chē)導(dǎo)致的事故增多”等)時(shí),要有所改變,尤其是最后一段,不需要再寫(xiě)總結(jié)的話(huà)了,直接寫(xiě)問(wèn)題的解決辦法即可。
(七)模板變臉
其實(shí),好的寫(xiě)法絕不止一種,我們也可以總結(jié)出圖表作文的其他模板,如下面文章中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的部分:
Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China
As can be seen from the chart,there have been drastic changes in the ownership of houses in China in the past 50 years.While the percentage of state?owned houses has fallen from 70% in 1950's to 20% in 1990's,that of private houses has rocketed from 30% to 80% during the same period of time.
The change in the chart can be attributed to a host of factors,but the following are the decisive ones.First,owing to the policy of reform and opening?up,Chinese economy has been expanding dramatically in the past decades.Therefore,people have more extra money to improve their housing.Secondly,other relevant state policies and the boom of real estate industry provide citizens with more opportunities to choose their own dwelling places.Last but not least,people have changed their concept of consumption and paid more attention to their quality of life.Thus,more of them have purchased houses according to their own taste.
To sum up,this chart well indicates China's fast expanding economy and people's rising standard of living.Although a series of problems have arisen in the process,it is reasonable for us to believe that they can be solved in the near future with effective measures taken by both the government and the public.
譯文
中國(guó)住房所有權(quán)的變化
從圖表中可以看出,在過(guò)去50年中,中國(guó)的住房所有權(quán)情況發(fā)生了巨大的變化。國(guó)有住房的比例從20世紀(jì)50年代的70%降至90年代的20%。在同一時(shí)期,私有住宅的比例從30%飆升至80%。
圖表中的變化可以被歸于許多因素,但下面的幾個(gè)是決定性的。首先,由于改革開(kāi)放政策,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過(guò)去幾十年中一直在以相當(dāng)高的速度發(fā)展。因此,人們有更多的額外資金來(lái)改善住房。其次,其他相關(guān)的國(guó)家政策和房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的繁榮為市民提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)選擇自己的住所。最后但并非最不重要的是,人們改變了消費(fèi)觀念,更加注意生活質(zhì)量。因此,更多的人根據(jù)自己的喜好購(gòu)買(mǎi)了房子。
總而言之,該圖表很好地反映了中國(guó)快速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)和人們不斷提高的生活水平。盡管在這一過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了一系列的問(wèn)題,但是我們有理由相信,隨著政府和公眾采取有效的措施,這些問(wèn)題一定會(huì)在不久的將來(lái)得以解決。
