2014年6月大學英語六級寫作沖刺 引言式作文的寫法
第一、 審題立意
引言型作文要求考生根據(jù)一句名言或諺語來寫一篇作文。由于名言或諺語往往言簡意賅既深刻又抽象，所以要寫好此類作文仔細審題就顯得格外重要。考生要準確把握名言或諺語所蘊含意義。
2013年6月六級考試三道作文題目
題目一
Directions： For this part you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Earth providesenough to satisfy every man’s need but not every man’s greed.” You can citeexamples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.
審題：本題引用印度圣雄甘地一句名言。前半句話意思是，地球是人類賴以生存家園為人類提供了所需要一切;后半句話意思是人類過度開發(fā)會造成地球資源枯竭，環(huán)境惡化威脅到人類自身生存。綜合起來甘地這句名言啟示：人類應當合理地利用自然資源不要向地球過度索取
題目二
Directions： For this part you are allowed 30 minutes towrite an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resistingtemptation.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should writeat least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
審題：本題引言是一句古老諺語，意思是要形成良好習慣必須經(jīng)受住誘惑，由于每天都面臨著各種各樣誘惑，所以要形成良好習慣絕非易事。這個諺語之所以能夠流傳千百年它道出了人們切身感受。
題目三
Directions： For this part you are allowed 30 minutes towrite an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distancebetween two people.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
審題：本題中名言出自美國著名鋼琴家、幽默作家Victor Borg。這句名言本身不難理解，意為：微笑能夠拉近人與人之間關(guān)系。
第二、 謀篇布局
從2011年12月起六級作文寫作指令中不再包含三條提綱。這讓一些考生方寸大亂，不知道作文該寫成幾個段落，其實六級考試引言型作文仍以三段布局為佳。
第一段：引出名言并用通俗語言簡要解釋其蘊含意義。這一段任務是亮出觀點，宜簡潔明快。一般不要超過三句話。
第二段論證名言正確性。這一段是作文重心所在，考生要不惜筆墨把道理講透。
第三段先簡要議論，然后提出解決問題建議或者號召大家踐行這個道理。
結(jié)尾段雖無實質(zhì)性分析卻也不可或缺。它會使作文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)更圓滿。人寫文章講究“鳳頭、豬肚、豹尾”說開頭要精彩，主體部分要內(nèi)容充實，結(jié)尾要簡潔有力，這一審美要求也適用于六級英語作文。
第三、論證方法
引言型作文主體段落要論述名言或諺語正確性。這就要求考生掌握一些特殊論證技巧。
由于名言或諺語所蘊含哲理往往比較抽象。因此筆者建議考生“虛”題“實”寫，即通過擺事實來講道理，不要空發(fā)議論。下面筆者推薦兩種論證抽象道理實用方法。
1. 列舉事實
對于比較抽象道理，考生不要空泛地議論。大多數(shù)考生詞匯量和表達能力尚不足以應付抽象論證，要證明抽象道理最好方法用事實說話。考生可以在第二段里列舉出具體事實、研究結(jié)果、調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)等來證明這個名言或諺語正確性。例如就此次六級考試第一道作文題目來說，考生可以在第二段舉出人類濫砍、濫伐森林事實從而證明人類對自然資源過度開采會威脅到自身生存。請看下面范文：
Deforestation is a good case in point. Trees give us the oxygen we breathe thepaper we use and the fruits we eat. But forests—the cradle of manycivilizations—have been shrinking at an alarming rate. Man has been ruthlesslycutting down trees to meet his insatiable appetite for timber firewood orfarmland contributing to the greenhouse effect which scientists believe couldbe disastrous for human beings if we do not stop this insanity.
2.講述故事
對于一些生活哲理，考生可以用生活中具體例子來證明其正確性。最好能舉出大家熟悉名人軼事，若一時想不起名人軼事考生，也可以講述身邊普通人故事。這是降低寫作難度竅門。講述故事無論是從遣詞還是造句來說，都比抽象論證更容易下筆。這種寫法化抽象為具體從而實現(xiàn)化難為易。例如，就本次六級考試第二道作文題目而言考生可以在第二段舉出熟悉人事例，從而證明只有經(jīng)受住誘惑才能形成良好習慣。請看下面范文
David Liu，my immediate superior，is now as fit as a fiddle. But who knows he used to be a sickly mansometimes coughing so badly as to gasp for breath? Itwas all because of his heavy smoking. He decided to embrace a healthy lifestylehalf a year ago. It was no easy job for him but he overcame the temptation tosmoke and has become alive and kicking.
上面范文以身邊人為例，講述了此人經(jīng)受住抽煙誘惑，成功戒煙從而養(yǎng)成良好生活習慣，并恢復健康故事，以此證明了這句諺語正確性。除此之外，考生也可以舉出發(fā)生在身上事例，例如通過講述親身經(jīng)歷來證明微笑力量，請看下面范文
Let me share a personal experience. One awful morning everything went wrong： the alarm clock broke down; I got up late; I hurried to work only tofind the key left in my room after slamming the door shut. You can imagine myfrustration. On my way to work I tried smiling to cheer myself up. I forced abig smile on my face. It was a hard task for me at first as I was down. But itworked! Every person I smiled at smiled back. Somenodded some flashed a grin and some commented on the weather. By the time I gotto the office I was a happy man again.
2014年6月的六級作文話題將不再局限于考生所熟悉校園生活類話題，它們會變得更加抽象，因而難度大增?？忌鷮Υ艘谐浞中睦頊蕚?。除了掌握本文所介紹攻略，建議考生多閱讀多積累句型和寫作素材才能保證在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇質(zhì)量上乘作文。
