1. 議論文的格式:
議論文的格式應由三個部分組成:<1> 立論部分;<2> 論證部分; <3> 結論部分。一般說來,議論文可分三個基本段落來寫:第一段引出話題;第二段立論且加以論證;第三段給出明確的結論。第二段是中心段落,應試者應將主要的內容放在第二段中,同時也要注意開篇及結尾段落的完整性,且應盡量做到首尾呼應,切忌前后矛盾。
2. 段落的統(tǒng)一性及語篇的連貫性
(1) 段落的統(tǒng)一性
英語段落有一大特點,即一個段落只涉及一個主題(甚至只是一個主題的某個方面)。段落中的一個句子點出主題并說明作者對該主題的看法,而其它所有句子都是為展開該主題而給出的事實、例證、推理,它們與主題緊密相關。段落中不應有一個與主題無關的句子。英文段落的這種各個句子與主題的關聯(lián)性被稱作段落的統(tǒng)一性。請看以下兩例:
(1)
Birds build their nests in all kinds of places. Some are high in trees, on the sides of buildings or on the top of hills while others on the ground, in fields or by stream banks. Birds also use various nesting materials to build their nests, including sticks, mud, stones, grass and so on. Some birds are able to change to be suitable for different conditions. They’ll build their nests wherever they can find a spot and use whatever materials they can find. But other birds will build their nests only in certain places and use only certain materials.