瘋狂英語口語絕招-語音突破經(jīng)典第11課
Savvy 10第十招
Sentence Stress 語句重音
When several words are spoken together in a sentence, certain words are stressed and others are spoken more softly and quickly.
由幾個單詞組成一個句子時，有些單詞要重讀，而其它的就要念得較輕和較快。
1. Most content words, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, are stressed.
大多數(shù)實(shí)義詞，也就是名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等都要重讀。
Charles Jones taught English.
Shirley reads aloud every day.
Aunt Janet always makes long-distance calls.
Jason plays basketball.
2. Interrogatives words when beginning sentence are stressed: who, whose, when, where, why, what, and how.
Who、whose、when、where、why、what和how等在句首的疑問詞要重讀。
Where's Mary's school?
Why's Charlie leaving?
When's Sally's party?
Who's coming?
3. Demonstrative pronouns when not followed by a noun are stressed: this, that, these, and those.
this、that、these和those等指示代詞在后面不跟名詞時要重讀。
What's this?
That's Jessica's ball.
Why're these here?
We wanted those.
4. Possessive pronouns, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, are stressed.
mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs等名詞性物主代詞要重讀。
That ticket's mine.
This's yours.
Barbara got hers.
David sold his.
We bought ours yesterday.
They gave theirs away.
5. Don't stress the articles: a, an, the.
冠詞a、an和the不重讀。
a dog, an apple, the chair
6. Don't stress preposition, to, from, with, in, on, through, for, by, over, under, etc.
介詞to、from、with、in、on、through、for、by、over和under等等不重讀。
for a dog, with an apple, on the chair, in the house, through the door, of a family, to the hospital, around the room, over the hill, after the concert, before the show
7. Don't stress the subject pronouns: I, your, he, she, it, we and they.
主語人稱代詞I、you、he、she、it、we和they不重讀。
I know the lesson.
You found the book on the shelf.
She tells secrets to everybody.
He talks on the phone too much.
We eat fish on Fridays.
They travel to Europe a lot.
8. Don't stress the possessive pronouns: my, your, his, her, our, their.
形容詞性物主代詞my、your、his、her、our和their不重讀。
my car, your friend, her dress, his brother, our house, their camera
9. Don't stress the object pronouns: me, you, her, him, us, and them.
人稱代詞me、you、her、him、us和them不重讀。
I saw him.
They told me.
We asked her.
They warned you.
My dad helped us.
Put them on the table.
10. Don't stress the demonstrative adjectives when followed by a noun: this, that, these, and those.
形容詞性的指示代詞this、that、these和those后面跟名詞時不重讀。
This book is interesting.
She bought that house.
We like these shoes.
Those boys talk too loud.
11. Don't stress forms of the verb be: am, are, is, was, were, aren't, isn't, wasn't, weren't.
動詞be的不同形式不重讀：am、are、is、was、were、aren't、isn't、wasn't和weren't。
I am here.
He is a tall man.
They are all sick.
We were in the garden.
He wasn't late.
12. Don't stress the expressions there is and there are.
There is和there are不重讀。
There is a car in the driveway.
There is one apple in the basket.
There is jewelry in that box.
There are too many cars on the road.
There are five people in the family.
13. Don't stress to before a verb.
在動詞前的to不重讀。
He needs to work.
I like to eat early.
My mother loves to cook.
We want to see the whole movie.
14. Don't stress auxiliary verbs: am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, isn't, wasn't, didn't.
助動詞am、is、are、was、were、do、does、did、have、has、had、isn't、wasn't和didn't不重讀。
I am working in the house.
She is talking on the phone.
He was helping them.
When do we start school?
Why does he travel so much?
Have you done your work?
We have been working all day.
He had always told the truth.
They had had a bad day.
15. Don't stress modal auxiliaries: can, must, have to, should, could, and would.
情態(tài)助動詞can、must、have to、should、could和would不重讀。
John can come.
Joe has to work.
Sam should leave.
We would like to help.
You mustn't go in the street.
Kathy doesn't have to work.
16. Don't stress who, whose, when, where, why, what, and how in the middle of a sentence.
在句子中間的who、whose、when、where、why、what和how不重讀。
Jenny has a cousin whose name is Smith.
Do you know where she lives?
Only Courtney knows why she said that.
He didn't tell me when to come.
I can figure out how to do it.
17. Don't stress other short function words: and, but, or, so, not, if, as, because, whether, since, until, thought, although.
短的功能詞and、but、or、so、not、if、as、because、whether、since、until、thought和although不重讀。
Mary and Bob have plenty of food, such as sandwiches, cakes, and cookies.
Joe, not John, has been here since noon.
Scot was worried because his wife was so late.
I'll stay until he calls, then I'll leave so you can study.
Although you're sick, you can eat with Carolyn or Sue.
I don't know whether he was late or not.
If you eat that much, you'll be as sick as a dog.
18. Exceptions: can't is usually stressed. When auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries are not followed by a verb, they have strong stress.
例外：can't通常重讀。如果助動詞和情態(tài)助動詞后面不跟動詞的話，也需重讀。
She can't help him with the cooking.
I'll come to the party if I can.
We would lend you the car if we could.
Carol has a new car, but Margaret doesn't.
He doesn't know I'm unhappy, but I am.
Practice:
The money is in the bank.
He came over to talk to me.
She can help him with the cooking.
I should buy a new dress for the wedding.
We could lend you our car.
I will send you a letter tomorrow.
They're walking to the store.
He didn't work because he was sick.
Karen and Danny stayed until they knew whether or not Val was coming.
19. Note that the meaning of a sentence changes each time when you change the stress pattern. Any word or thought group can be given extra stress to emphasize or clarify a statement.
請注意，重音模式的改變會使句子的意思也隨之發(fā)生變化。你可以重讀句子中的任何單詞或意群來強(qiáng)調(diào)或闡明問題。
He gave her the money. ( I didn't give her the money.)
He gave her the money. (He didn't lend her the money)
He gave her the money. (He didn't give the money to me.)
He gave her the money. (He didn't give her the car.)
1. I didn't say he stole the money. (I'm reporting the situation. I have no opinion on this subject.)
2. I didn't say he stole the money. (It's true that somebody said it, but I wasn't that person.)
3. I didn't say he stole the money. (Someone has accused me and I'm protesting my innocence.)
4. I didn't say he stole the money. (Maybe I hinted it. Maybe I wrote it. In some way, I indicated that he stole the money, but I didn't say it.)
5. I didn't say he stole the money. (I think someone stole the money, only not the person you suspect did it.)
6. I didn't say he stole the money. (I agree that he took it, but I think his motive was different.)
7. I didn't say he stole the money. (We agree that he stole some money, but I don't think it's this money.)
8. I didn't say he stole the money. (We agree that he's a thief, but we think he stole different things.)
What kind of movies do you prefer, science fiction or romance?
I like science fiction and romance movies.
What's the matter, don't you like chicken with rice?
I like chicken but I don't like rice.
I didn't think you could ride a horse.
I can ride a horse, just not very well.
I don't think you're going to finish on time.
Oh, yes, I will finish on time.
That isn't a new shirt, is it?
Yes, it is a new shirt.
You've never studied French, have you?
No, but I have studied Spanish.
I thought I left my book on my bed.
No, you left it next to the bed.
Is your friend in the pool?
Well, actually, he's just at the pool.
I thought she was supposed to do it.
They told me I had to do it.
Who turned off my computer?
I think he did it.
I feel so tired today.
We can sing.
How can you say that?
Where are you going?
Joseph ate all of them.
The accounts payable department will process that check.
Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.
Have you ever visited China?
No, have you ever visited China?
I can't seem to get this right.
The octopus is an eight-legged sea creature.
Don't write him to thank him. Call him.
I think I'll walk to work today.
I ran all over town but I couldn't find what I wanted.
When you get to the stop sign, turn left.
If you think it's too hot, turn on the fan.
Can you open the oven and put the cake in?
The plants need to be watered or they'll die.
Review Practice: Listen to the following two paragraphs and pay close attention to the stress patterns. Then, repeat the paragraph after the speaker, one phrase at a time.
復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)：仔細(xì)聽以下兩段文字，注意重音模式。然后，跟著朗讀者念，每次一個詞組。
Learning to speak a language is a little like learning to dance. They both take a long time to master, but are fun from the beginning. Both require interaction with another person, who is saying or doing something different. Fluent speakers and good dancers don't have to think about their skills. They perform them naturally. To acquire these skills, you need a lot of practice and patience. Encouragement from someone else helps a great deal.
Learning to speak
a language
is a little like
learning to dance.
They both take a long time
to master,
but are fun
from the beginning.
Both require interaction
with another person,
who is saying or doing
something different.
Fluent speakers
and good dancers
don't have to think
about their skills.
They perform them naturally.
To acquire these skills,
you need a lot of practice
and patience
Encouragement from someone else
helps a great deal.
Last May we had a surprise party at my house for one of my friends. It was his fiftieth birthday. We invited about thirty people, and most of them were able to come. One couple even traveled all the way from New Jersey. Several people who had been away for a long time were here. Most of the guests hadn't met each other before the party, but they were having a wonderful time talking during the half-hour before the birthday-man arrived. It seemed that a very special person was a magnet for other special people. When he got here, he was really surprised, and happy to see so many friends. It was a good party.
Last May
we had a surprise party
at my house
for one of my friends.
It was his fiftieth birthday.
We invited about thirty people,
and most of them
were able to come.
One couple even traveled
all the way from New Jersey.
Several people
who had been away
for a long time
were here.
Most of the guests
hadn't met each other
before the party,
but they were having
a wonderful time talking
during the half-hour
before the birthday-man arrived.
It seemed
that a very special person
was a magnet for other special people.
When he got here,
he was really surprised,
and happy to see
so many friends.
It was a good party.
