在高中英語語法中,主語與謂語動詞之間的一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement)是構建正確句子結構的基礎。然而,在處理復合主語(即兩個或兩個以上的名詞或代詞作為句子主語)時,我們常會遇到兩種特殊情況:就近原則(Principle of Proximity)和就遠原則(Principle of Distance)。
一、就近原則
1.定義
就近原則是指當復合主語由連詞“or”、“either...or...”、“neither...nor...”等連接時,謂語動詞的形式應與離它最近的那個主語保持一致。
2.示例
·Either you or I am wrong.
·Neither John nor Mary likes coffee.
3.填空題及解析:
1.Either you or I _______ (be) wrong.
答案:am
解析:根據就近原則,謂語動詞“be”的形式應與離它最近的“I”保持一致,因此用第一人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時“am”。
2.Neither he nor his parents _______ (have) seen the movie.
答案:have
解析:同樣遵循就近原則,謂語動詞“have”與離它最近的“his parents”保持一致,用復數(shù)形式“have”。
二、就遠原則
1.定義
就遠原則較為特殊,常見于“as well as”、“rather than”、“together with”、“along with”、“with”、“in addition to”等介詞短語連接主語時,謂語動詞的形式應與介詞短語前的那個主語保持一致。
2.示例
· The teacher, as well as the students, enjoys the trip.
· John, together with his friends, goes to the park every weekend.
3.填空題及解析:
1.The teacher, as well as the students, _______ (enjoy) the trip.
答案:enjoys
解析:根據就遠原則,盡管“as well as the students”表明還有其他參與者,但謂語動詞“enjoy”仍與“The teacher”保持一致,用單數(shù)形式“enjoys”。
2.My brother, with his classmates, _______ (play) basketball after school.
答案:plays
解析:“with his classmates”是介詞短語,不影響主語“My brother”與謂語動詞“play”之間的一致性,因此用第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時“plays”。
3.Not only the children but also their parents _______ (want) to go to the zoo.
答案:want
解析:盡管“not only the children”在前,但謂語動詞“want”仍與“their parents”保持一致,用復數(shù)形式“want”。然而,此題更多考察的是對特殊結構的理解,而非嚴格意義上的就遠原則。
掌握就近原則與就遠原則,是學習高中英語語法中主語一致性的重要一步。通過理解這些原則背后的邏輯,并在實際應用中不斷練習,你將能夠更準確地構建英語句子,提升你的語言表達能力。您也可以訪問網站主頁,獲取最新的英語學習資料,全方位提升英語水平。