雪 人
The Snow Man
斯蒂文斯
Wallace Stevens
斯蒂文斯(Wallace Stevens,1879-1955),美國(guó)二十世紀(jì)有影響的現(xiàn)代詩(shī)人。曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法律,當(dāng)過(guò)律師,后涉足商界,但他一直沒(méi)有停止過(guò)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作。這一特殊經(jīng)歷使他穿梭于現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象之間,對(duì)他的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生一定影響。他深感傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值及道德缺失在現(xiàn)代生活中所造成的精神和信仰危機(jī),希望通過(guò)想象在藝術(shù)的世界中重建信仰,因而,他重視想象力的作用,并注重感官的表現(xiàn)功能。他的詩(shī)意象鮮明,音韻和諧,語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔曉暢,但意境深邃,內(nèi)涵深刻而朦朧,甚至難解其深意。
人必須有冬日的心情
One must have a mind of winter
才能注意到霜,注意到
To regard the frost and the boughs
被白雪覆蓋的松樹(shù)枝;
Of the pine-trees crusted with snow;
人必須長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)受寒冷
And have been cold a long time
才能見(jiàn)到掛著冰絲的杜松,
To behold the junipers shagged with ice,
見(jiàn)到遠(yuǎn)方璀璨的正月陽(yáng)光下
The spruces rough in the distant glitter
顯得毛糙的云杉;才能不去想
Of the January sun; and not to think
風(fēng)的聲音、幾片樹(shù)葉的聲音
Of any misery in the sound of the wind,
蘊(yùn)含著怎樣的凄楚,
In the sound of a few leaves,
那正是大地的聲音,
Which is the sound of the land
大地上到處是同樣的風(fēng),
Full of the same wind
在同樣荒涼的地方
That is blowing in the same bare place
為聽(tīng)者吹刮,聽(tīng)者在雪中聽(tīng)著,
For the listener, who listens in the snow,
他自己是“無(wú)”,于是他見(jiàn)到
And, nothing himself, beholds
不存在的“無(wú)”和存在的“無(wú)”。
Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.