雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|歐陽(yáng)修-《祭石曼卿文》

《祭石曼卿文》為唐宋八大家之一歐陽(yáng)修所作。是作者為悼念詩(shī)友石曼卿而作的一篇祭文。作者避免了一般祭文的呆板格式，內(nèi)容不是為死者作平生概括，而是通過(guò)三呼曼卿，先稱贊其聲名不朽，再寫(xiě)其死后凄涼，特別是渲染墓地的悲涼景象，表達(dá)出作者對(duì)死者強(qiáng)烈的哀悼之情。文章大體押韻，句式靈活，情調(diào)凄婉，體現(xiàn)出作者真摯的感情。

歐陽(yáng)修·《祭石曼卿文》

[維治平四年七月日，具官歐陽(yáng)修，謹(jǐn)遣尚書(shū)都省令史李敭至于太清，以清酌庶羞之奠，致祭于亡友曼卿之墓下，而吊之以文曰：]

嗚呼曼卿！生而為英，死而為靈。其同乎萬(wàn)物生死，而復(fù)歸于無(wú)物者，暫聚之形；不與萬(wàn)物共盡，而卓然其不朽者，后世之名。此自古圣賢，莫不皆然。而著在簡(jiǎn)冊(cè)者，昭如日星。

嗚呼曼卿！吾不見(jiàn)子久矣，猶能仿佛子之平生。其軒昂磊落，突兀崢嶸，而埋藏于地下者，意其不化為朽壤，而為金玉之精。不然，生長(zhǎng)松之千尺，產(chǎn)靈芝而九莖。奈何荒煙野蔓，荊棘縱橫，風(fēng)凄露下，走磷飛螢；但見(jiàn)牧童樵叟，歌吟而上下，與夫驚禽駭獸，悲鳴躑躅而咿嚶！今固如此，更千秋而萬(wàn)歲兮，安知其不穴藏狐貉與鼯鼪？此自古圣賢亦皆然兮，獨(dú)不見(jiàn)夫累累乎曠野與荒城！

嗚呼曼卿！盛衰之理，吾固知其如此，而感念疇昔，悲涼凄愴，不覺(jué)臨風(fēng)而隕涕者，有愧乎太上之忘情。尚饗！

At a Grave

Ou-yang Hsiu

O Man-ch’ing, thy birth gave a hero, thy death a God! Like the vulgar herd thou wast born and didst die, returning to the domain of nothingness. But thy earthly form could not perish like theirs. There was that within which could not decay: thy bright memory will endure through all generations. For such is the lot of the wise and good: their names are inscribed imperishably, to shine like the stars for ever.

O Man-ch’ing, ‘tis long since we met. Yet methinks I see thee now, as then, lofty of mien, courage upon thy brow. Ah! When the grave closed over thee, it was not into foul earth, but into the pure essence of gold and gems that thy dear form was changed. Or haply thou art some towering pine—some rare, some wondrous plant. What boots it now? Here in thy loneliness the spreading brambles weave around thy head, while the chill wind blows across thy bed moist with the dew of heaven. The will-o’-the-wisp and the firefly flit by: naught heard but the shepherd and the woodman singing songs on the hillside; naught seen but the startled bird rising, the affrighted beast scampering from their presence, as they pass to and fro and pour forth their plaintive lays. Such is thy solitude now. A thousand, ten thousand years hence, the fox and the badger will burrow into thy tomb, and the weasel make its nest within. For this also has ever been the lot of the wise and good. Do not their graves, scattered on every side, bear ample witness of this?

Alas! Man-ch’ing, I know full well that all things are overtaken, sooner or later, by decay. But musing over days bygone, my heart grows sad; and standing thus near to thy departed spirit, my tears flow afresh, and I blush for the heartlessness of God. O Man-ch’ing, rest in peace!