口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中如何巧學(xué)善用英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)

One of the most difficult aspects of learning any foreign language is being able to understand and use a wide range of idioms. The English language has over 15,000 idioms and native speakers use them very frequently, often without realising it themselves. This can make communication with native speakers confusing.

在任何語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中最困難的一個(gè)方面就是，要能理解并運(yùn)用大量成語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)有15000多個(gè)成語(yǔ)，而且本族語(yǔ)使用者常常在不自覺(jué)的情況下頻繁使用它們。這就造成了與本族語(yǔ)使用者的溝通不暢。

What is an idiom? An idiom is a group of words which, when used together, has a different meaning from the one which the individual words have. For example:

什么是成語(yǔ)呢?一個(gè)成語(yǔ)就是一組詞，當(dāng)結(jié)合在一起使用時(shí)，其意與單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思均不相同。例如：

-How do you know that Sid and Nancy have separated

你怎么知道席德和南希分手了?

-I heard it on the grapevine.

我是從小道消息聽(tīng)到的。

Of course, the second speaker does not mean he heard the news about John by putting his ear to a grapevine! He is conveying the idea visually of information spreading around a widespread network, similar to a grapevine.

當(dāng)然，第二個(gè)談話者并不是說(shuō)，他把耳朵貼在葡萄藤上才聽(tīng)到這個(gè)關(guān)于約翰的消息的!他只是在形象地表達(dá)一種意味，即這個(gè)消息通過(guò)一個(gè)類(lèi)似葡萄藤的巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。

We use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. We often use an image or symbol to describe something as clearly as possible and thus make our point as effectively as possible. For example, "in a nutshell" suggests the idea of having all the information contained within very few words. Idioms tend to be informal and are best used in spoken rather than written English.

我們使用成語(yǔ)是要表達(dá)其它詞語(yǔ)無(wú)法如此清晰或如此巧妙表達(dá)的東西。我們經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用比喻和象征以便盡可能清晰地描述事物，因而可以盡可能有效地闡述我們的觀點(diǎn)。比如，“in a nutshell”表明的意思是，用很少幾個(gè)詞來(lái)涵蓋所要表達(dá)的全部意思。成語(yǔ)往往是非正式的，最好用于口語(yǔ)，而不要用在非書(shū)面表達(dá)中。

One of the best ways to learn an idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used. This can be done by concentrating on the rest of the sentence and try to guess the meaning. Many idioms are not that difficult to understand when considered in their context. For example:

學(xué)習(xí)成語(yǔ)的最好方法之一是查看它所在的上下文。而這可以通過(guò)通讀句子其它部分來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，并試著猜測(cè)其意。當(dāng)把許多成語(yǔ)放在上下文中考慮，理解起來(lái)就不那么難了。例如：

We are going to have a surprise party for Tom tomorrow. It's a secret so please don't let the cat out of the bag. 明天，我們要給湯姆舉辦一個(gè)驚喜聚會(huì)。這是一個(gè)秘密，因此請(qǐng)不要泄露秘密。

'Let the cat out of the bag' is an idiom. Imagine you don't know what this idiom means; by looking at the words preceding it should be easy to guess that the speaker does not want you to tell Tom about the surprise party. Therefore, 'let the cat out of the bag' must mean something like' reveal a secret' or 'tell a secret'.

“Let the cat out of the bag”是一個(gè)成語(yǔ)。設(shè)想你不知道這個(gè)成語(yǔ)的意思;如果看看之前的單詞，就會(huì)很容易地猜出，講話者是不想讓你跟湯姆談及驚喜聚會(huì)的事情。因此，“let the cat out of the bag”一定是“揭露秘密”或“泄露秘密”之類(lèi)的意思。

Other examples: 其它例子：

He was on the carpet last week for being late to work three times. 上星期，他由于遲到三次而受到批評(píng)。

It was a very long report. It took me three hours to wade through. 那是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的報(bào)告。我花了三個(gè)小時(shí)才總算讀完它。

Let's call it a day. I'm very tired and I think we have covered the main points of the meeting already. 我們今天就到此為止。我很累，而且我認(rèn)為，我們已經(jīng)處理了這次會(huì)議的主要問(wèn)題。