如何練就地道英語發(fā)音？掌握這5個(gè)技巧很重要
學(xué)習(xí)語言的朋友們常常有一個(gè)誤區(qū)，只關(guān)注語法和詞匯，而忽視了練習(xí)口音這回事——但練習(xí)口音其實(shí)也是跟詞匯、語法同等重要的哦!下面我們就來解釋一下口音的重要性，然后為大家提供一些提高口音的實(shí)用技巧。
Want to pass as a native speaker in a foreign language? The true test — even more important than the size of your vocabulary or complexity of the sentences you weave — is your accent.
想把一門外語說的像本族人一樣溜?真正考驗(yàn)?zāi)阃庹Z溜不溜的，不是你的詞匯量，也不是你句子說的多么復(fù)雜漂亮，而是——你!的!口!音!
If you think the accent in another language is tricky and impossible to get right, you might just be using the wrong method. We admit that they are tricky — but not impossible! Here are some practical tips to get rid of your own "stereotypical" accent, no matter which language you are learning.
如果你感到某門外語的口音難以搞定，根本不可能學(xué)的像樣，那很可能是你采用了錯(cuò)誤的學(xué)習(xí)方法。我們都知道，學(xué)習(xí)外語時(shí)，口音確實(shí)難搞——但純正口音并不是“不可能”學(xué)會(huì)的!下面這些實(shí)用小技巧，不管你在學(xué)什么外語，都能幫你擺脫你的“中式”口音，快快學(xué)起來!
1. Learn the phonetic alphabet 音標(biāo)要學(xué)好
Getting familiar with the phonetic alphabet will help you identify new sounds and provide you with some markers to navigate the language you want to learn. Familiarity with a language’s phonemes helps you recognize sounds that your ear isn’t "tuned" to natively. Once you can recognize these sounds, you’ll start noticing them way more often when speaking and listening in your new language.
熟悉音標(biāo)不僅可以幫你辨認(rèn)不認(rèn)識(shí)的語音，還可以幫你在學(xué)習(xí)過程中“做標(biāo)記”。在熟記一門外語中的音之后，你可以成功分辨出一些你的耳朵還沒聽?wèi)T的聲音。一旦這些不熟悉的聲音被你成功拿下，在聽、說外語時(shí)你都會(huì)更容易注意到這些最可能出錯(cuò)的小細(xì)節(jié)。
By becoming aware of the range of sounds that exist in the language you are learning, you’ll learn how to differentiate sounds that seem similar to the untrained ear, and it will make spelling easier. This can be especially helpful if you are learning mostly by reading.
通過掌握一門外語的語音范圍，你才能學(xué)會(huì)分辨一些相似的音，讓你的耳朵更好地做出反應(yīng)，同時(shí)這也可以幫助你更好的拼寫單詞。如果你平時(shí)主要是通過閱讀來學(xué)語言，那這個(gè)小技巧對(duì)你來說更是大有幫助了。
2. Get familiar with the spoken language 讓耳朵熟悉新語言
Switch from theory to practice: try to expose yourself as much as possible to the language you are learning. Talk as much as possible with native speakers if you have the chance. When you have trouble pronouncing a particular word, ask people to repeat it and record it on your phone. You can then replay it and train your pronunciation as often as you wish. You can also listen to the correct pronunciation on some online dictionaries so that your ear gets familiar with all the sounds that initially strike you as unusual. Listen to podcasts or stream TV shows in the language. Even if you can’t understand everything, put it on in the background when you’re doing your chores so you get used to the particular melodies and unfamiliar sounds.
完成了第一步的理論學(xué)習(xí)，就要從理論向?qū)嵺`進(jìn)發(fā)了：盡你所能讓自己處在你所學(xué)習(xí)的語言環(huán)境里，抓住一切可以跟外語本族人嘮嗑的機(jī)會(huì)。如果有哪個(gè)單詞你不會(huì)念了，可以請(qǐng)人幫你把這個(gè)詞的發(fā)音錄下來保存在手機(jī)里。這樣你就可以反復(fù)播放，盡你所想的練習(xí)生詞的發(fā)音了。還可以在網(wǎng)上的在線詞典里檢索生詞發(fā)音，反復(fù)的聽，讓你的耳朵慢慢熟悉那些原本陌生的語音。就算你無法通透的理解所有的發(fā)音，也盡量在平時(shí)做一些瑣碎雜務(wù)時(shí)把錄音/發(fā)音播放出來，這樣洗腦式的訓(xùn)練可以讓那些不熟悉的語音調(diào)子深刻在你的大腦里。
3. Identify what’s "weird" about the pronunciation 找出語音中的“怪異點(diǎn)”
With this exposure, you’ll quickly notice that your new language has many sounds in common with your native tongue (even if those sounds are written differently). With the similarities identified, you can focus in earnest on the sounds that don’t exist in your native tongue. Resist the temptation to systematically compare these unfamiliar sounds with similar ones from your native language. This might seem like a useful shortcut, but it’s a bad habit that will make bad pronunciation even harder to correct in the long run.
在這樣的發(fā)音環(huán)境下，你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，原來你在學(xué)習(xí)的語音，跟你的母語也有很多的相似之處(即使這些“發(fā)音”寫起來很不一樣)。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些相同點(diǎn)，你就能更專注的學(xué)習(xí)那些母語里本來沒有的音了。下意識(shí)的用漢語里的相似發(fā)音來跟這些不存在的音去一一對(duì)照，這種“方法”千萬不要嘗試，雖然聽上去感覺，這樣似乎可以快速記住所有不熟悉的音，但事實(shí)上這樣反而會(huì)讓你的發(fā)音更不地道，甚至在以后還難以改正。
Ignoring the peculiar sounds of your new language will, at best, make you sound silly and, at worst, result in you actually saying the wrong words! The difference between the Spanish pero and perro is a rolled r, but they don’t mean the same thing. And if you’re learning French, people will have trouble understanding you if you don’t learn to pronounce the subtle differences between cent, sang, sens and sans, or au, aux and eau.
如果你不去在意外語里聽上去“怪異”的那些發(fā)音，很可能會(huì)讓你的發(fā)音顯得非常的蠢，甚至直接導(dǎo)致你發(fā)錯(cuò)音，念成別的單詞惹!比如在西語里，pero和perro兩個(gè)詞很接近，但perro的r要發(fā)顫音，兩個(gè)詞的含義也是不同的。如果你在學(xué)法語，分不清cent, sang, sens, sans或者au, aux和eau在發(fā)音時(shí)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，人家可能就聽不懂你在說啥了。
If you really have trouble with one phoneme in particular, use cards. Write it down along with other similar-but-different phonemes. Repeat them aloud several times. This will help you to recognize nuances and master those small differences.
但如果你真的卡在某一個(gè)音上，就是發(fā)不好它，可以試試制作卡片。把它和其他聽上去很像，但又不同的音寫在一起。大聲的念出這些音，重復(fù)多次，這樣你就可以區(qū)別這些相似音的細(xì)微差別，并且熟練掌握它們了。
4. Listen, listen, listen! 聽，聽，再聽!
As mentioned in point two, the internet gives you access to plenty of audio material that can help you improve your pronunciation. Listen as much and as regularly as possible, but instead of always focusing on grammar and vocabulary, dedicate some time to the phonetic aspects of the language. Listen to short audio tracks and focus on rhythm, breaks and intonation. Try to understand what gives the sentence its fluidity and try to imitate it. If you watch a movie in your learning language, avoid reading the subtitles and keep your eyes on the actors’ mouths.
在第二點(diǎn)里提到了網(wǎng)上的學(xué)習(xí)工具，的確互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為我們提供了大量可以提高發(fā)音的語音材料。記住有時(shí)間的話一定要經(jīng)常性的聽，而且每次聽的越多越好啊，不過在聽的時(shí)候，不要再一味注意詞匯和語法了，也要拿出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來關(guān)注一下語音部分。盡量聽一些簡(jiǎn)短的材料，并且重點(diǎn)關(guān)注發(fā)音的節(jié)奏，停頓和語調(diào)。試著體會(huì)一下這些話語是如何連貫起來的，然后再去模仿。在平時(shí)看電影的時(shí)候，不要一直盯著字幕讀，而是要注意演員們說話時(shí)的口型。
If you find it too hard, slow down the speed of the video or audio that you are watching (most digital media players allow you to do this; you can even slow down YouTube videos). This can help you identify and separate each syllable.
如果以上方法對(duì)你來說太難了點(diǎn)，可以放慢視頻/音頻的播放速度(大多數(shù)數(shù)字播放器都有這個(gè)功能，連油管兒的視頻都可以放慢倍速呢)。這樣一來，每個(gè)音節(jié)你都可以分開來分辨了。
If, on the other hand, your comprehension level is already quite good, you can challenge yourself by accelerating the speed. The higher level of concentration required is good training for all those fast-talking native speakers!
再如果，情況相反，你的能力已經(jīng)相當(dāng)高了，你可以試試快放，挑戰(zhàn)一下自己。這種高級(jí)一些的方法，需要更加集中注意力，這種程度的注意力，在跟說話賊快的本族人互動(dòng)時(shí)同樣適用!
5. Practice, practice, practice 還等啥，可勁兒練習(xí)吧!
Training your accent requires some skill and patience, so don’t get demotivated if it doesn’t come immediately. For maximum efficiency, your training sessions should be frequent — no longer than two days between sessions. Collect newspaper articles, movie scripts and lyrics, and record yourself while reading them aloud. Then listen and analyze: What are your strengths and weaknesses? Which of your native speaking habits are you carrying over to your new language? You can also ask native speakers for input. For example, you could upload your recordings to online communities like Judge my accent.
最后總結(jié)一下，練習(xí)地道口音，除了技巧之外，還需要一定的耐心，所以別想著立竿見影，更不要因此氣餒了。自己制定的練習(xí)計(jì)劃要達(dá)到一定高的頻率，才能達(dá)到最好的效果——每次練習(xí)的間隔不要超過兩天。把能看的報(bào)紙文章，電影劇本甚至歌詞都拿來練習(xí)，大聲朗讀，而且要把自己讀的都錄下來，之后要反復(fù)聽錄音并且從以下幾個(gè)方面來做分析：你在發(fā)音時(shí)，長(zhǎng)處和缺點(diǎn)都有啥?哪些母語里的發(fā)音習(xí)慣被你不小心帶到外語里去了?你也可以向外語本族人尋求幫助，比如把錄音上傳到像Judge my accent這樣的網(wǎng)上互助論壇，讓本族人來幫你評(píng)判。
Accents can be tricky, but never lose hope! The more you speak and the more feedback you can get (either from yourself or native speakers), the better your accent will become.
練習(xí)口音雖難，但千萬別放棄啦!練得越多，得到的反饋越多(不管是自己檢查，還是讓別人給你意見)，你的口音才能變得更地道!
