盤點(diǎn)不得不看的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力電影

Movies can be such compelling leadership stories in action. I find that movies and fiction can help me develop empathy with and deeper understanding of others. They allow me to enter deeply into awareness of another。

電影能展示那些關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的迷人故事。我發(fā)現(xiàn)電影和小說能令我對(duì)于別人的遭遇更加感同身受，并且加深我對(duì)他人的理解。它們使我更深入地去關(guān)注別人。

Some of my favorite movies have lessons for leaders. Some of the lessons are best practices. Some are cautionary tales about what not to do and what doesn’t work. Here are some of my favorites:

有些我喜歡的電影對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們頗有裨益，它們有的是最好的實(shí)踐，而有的則是告訴了我們不該做什么以及做什么沒有用的的警示故事。下面是一些我喜歡的電影：

Apollo 13—(1995, director: Ron Howard). In 1970 NASA Mission Control works feverishly to bring three astronauts back to Earth alive after there is an explosion aboard the Apollo 13 spacecraft on its journey to the moon. A true story about the resourcefulness and creativity of a team under pressure。

Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks) leads the team of astronauts through the crisis. The crucial line: When someone in ground control says, “This could be our greatest failure”， the head of ground control (Ed Harris) corrects him and says, “I beg to differ. This could be our greatest triumph。” A gripping re-creation of a tragedy averted。

阿波羅13號(hào)——(1995，導(dǎo)演：郎-霍華德)。1970年，當(dāng)阿波羅13號(hào)飛船從月球返回時(shí)，艙體發(fā)生了一次爆炸。NASA的地面指揮中心為了把三位航天員安全帶回地球忙開了鍋。這是一個(gè)有關(guān)團(tuán)隊(duì)在高壓環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)出的急智和創(chuàng)造力的真實(shí)故事。吉姆-洛弗爾(湯姆-漢克斯飾演)在這場(chǎng)危機(jī)中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這個(gè)航天員團(tuán)隊(duì)。最重要的一刻發(fā)生在：當(dāng)?shù)孛嬷笓]部的一個(gè)人說：“這可能會(huì)使我們最大的失敗”時(shí)，地面指揮部的首腦(艾德-哈里斯飾演)糾正了他：“恕我不能贊同。這可能會(huì)是我們最偉大的勝利。”由此展開了一次驚心動(dòng)魄的神奇逆轉(zhuǎn)。

Big—(1988, director: Penny Marshall). A 13-year old boy gets his wish to grow “big” and is magically transformed into a 30-year-old (Tom Hanks)， but inside he’s still a teenager. Now working in a toy company, he attends a meeting where managers make uninspiring presentations about a new product. As the group is about to approve it, Hanks asks: “What’s fun about that?” The lesson for business: Enable people to be authentic and run meetings which are not full of groupthink。

(Groupthink is a concept identified by Irving Janus, where groups tend to focus on harmony in a decision-making group, minimizing conflict and reaching a consensus decision that is unrealistic because they haven’t made a critical evaluation of different ideas or views。)

長(zhǎng)大——(1988，導(dǎo)演：潘妮-馬歇爾)。一個(gè)13歲的男孩心愿成真，在一夜間神奇地變成了30歲的大叔(湯姆-漢克斯飾演)，但他的心智卻還是13歲的少年。當(dāng)他在一個(gè)玩具廠工作時(shí)，他參加了一次會(huì)議，會(huì)議上一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為一件新產(chǎn)品做著無趣的演講。當(dāng)小組將要通過提議的時(shí)候，漢克斯問道：“這有什么好玩的?”這在商務(wù)上是個(gè)教訓(xùn)：你應(yīng)該讓人們表達(dá)真實(shí)想法，避免讓會(huì)議充滿了集體思考。(集體思考這個(gè)概念由歐文-杰納斯提出，指的是集體總是關(guān)注于在做決策時(shí)保持集體的和諧，減少?zèng)_突，達(dá)到一致的意見。然而這是不實(shí)際的，因?yàn)樗麄儾]有對(duì)不同的想法和觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批判性的評(píng)估。)

The Candidate — (1972, director: Michael Ritchie). A young California lawyer (Robert Redford) is persuaded to run for senator. He struggles with whether it is more important to hold to principles (but lose battles) or to influence and persuade others (but be seen by some as “selling out。”) In succeeding, he alienates supporters and is vague about his real opinions。

候選人——(1972，導(dǎo)演：邁克爾-里奇)。一位加利福尼亞的年輕律師(羅伯特-雷福德飾演)被勸說去參加參議員選舉。他在兩者之間掙扎：是堅(jiān)持原則，但輸?shù)暨x舉呢，還是冒著被一些人視為“出賣自己”的后果去游說別人呢。最終，他不但失去了支持者，自己也難以認(rèn)清自己真實(shí)的想法。

The Godfather — (1972; Part II 1974; Part III 1990; director: Francis Ford Coppola). The immorality of this trilogy lies in the depiction of mobsters as family men. Vito Corleone practices a management approach of command and control. He builds paternal relationships. Sonny Corleone persistently employs a win-lose war of total destruction in which brute force is on his side. He builds relationships based on raw power and control. Michael Corleone attempts to become a legitimate businessman. He creates new market structures, going global and acting like a multi-national corporation, transforming the way business is done. He builds partnerships across diverse lines. In focusing on tasks he loses important relationships. Sonny and Michael pay an awful price for power。

教父(1972;第二部1974;第三部1990;導(dǎo)演：弗朗西斯-科波拉)。這部三部曲的不道德之處在于把犯罪集團(tuán)成員描繪成了顧家的好男人。維托-柯里昂使用了一種指揮和控制的管理方式。他建立了一些如父親般的關(guān)系。杉尼-柯里昂則堅(jiān)持使用一種非贏即輸?shù)娜鏆缰溃灰麚碛懈鼜?qiáng)的力量。他通過這種原始力量和控制建立關(guān)系。麥克-柯里昂希望成為一個(gè)合法的商人。他建立了新的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖往全球發(fā)展，表現(xiàn)得有如一家跨國(guó)公司，運(yùn)用這套生意之道在多線建立了關(guān)系。但由于關(guān)注于一些任務(wù)，他失去了一些重要的關(guān)系。最終杉尼和麥克都為力量付出了慘痛的代價(jià)。

Ikiru—(1952, director: Akira Kurosawa; in Japanese). Ikiru means “to live。” A low-level bureaucrat discovers he is dying of cancer. He searches for relationships and meaning. This is solemn, plain and everyday, but the realism is acutely conveyed by the performance of Takashi Shimura and the empathy of director Kurosawa. Absolutely authentic。

生之欲——(1952，導(dǎo)演：黑澤明)。生之欲的含義是“活著”。一個(gè)低級(jí)公務(wù)員[微博][微博]發(fā)現(xiàn)他身患癌癥，時(shí)日無多。于是他開始追求愛情和生命的意義。這個(gè)話題嚴(yán)肅、痛苦但又平常。然而志村喬的表演和導(dǎo)演黑澤明的設(shè)計(jì)卻將這種現(xiàn)實(shí)主義尖銳地表現(xiàn)了出來。絕對(duì)真實(shí)。

Invictus—(2009, director: Clint Eastwood). Nelson Mandela, newly elected as South Africa’s president, uses subtle and intricate leadership to bring about racial reconciliation

between blacks and whites. François Pienaar, white captain of South Africa’s Springboks rugby team (at the outset a symbol of apartheid)， is persuaded by Mandela to lead his initially unwilling teammates through a transformation to become leaders in racial understanding—and on to athletic triumph in the World Cup. Moving。

成事在人——(2009，導(dǎo)演：克林特-伊斯特伍德)。尼爾森-曼德拉新近當(dāng)選為了南非總統(tǒng)，他運(yùn)用了一套巧妙復(fù)雜的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式為南非的黑人與白人帶來了種族和解。弗朗科斯-皮納爾是南非著名的橄欖球隊(duì)春鹿隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)(而該隊(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)被認(rèn)為是種族隔離的標(biāo)志)，皮納爾被曼德拉所說服，最終帶領(lǐng)著他手下的一群原本并不樂意的隊(duì)員經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)使該隊(duì)成為種族理解運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖的蛻變。——并且贏得了世界杯的勝利。

Jerry Maguire—(1996, director: Cameron Crowe). A successful sports agent loses his job in an idealistic moment. He becomes more ‘human’ through learning to care for others. Worker-as-shark versus worker-as-good-guy。

甜心先生——(1996，導(dǎo)演：卡梅隆-克羅)。一位成功的體育經(jīng)紀(jì)人戲劇般地失業(yè)了。通過這次經(jīng)歷他學(xué)會(huì)了關(guān)心別人，也由此變得更有“人性”。這是個(gè)探討成功與人性孰輕孰重的故事。

Shackleton—(2002, director: Charles Sturridge). Kenneth Branagh stars as the explorer during the 1914 journey in the Endurance to the South Pole. After their ship is destroyed in the pack ice, Shackleton heroically leads his 28-man team to safety, keeping them motivated and hopeful during their long struggle。

意志的考驗(yàn)——(2002，導(dǎo)演：查爾斯-斯特里奇)?？夏崴?布拉納扮演了一位參與了1914年“持久號(hào)”徒步橫穿南極行動(dòng)的探險(xiǎn)家。他們的船被浮冰擊沉后，沙克爾頓英雄般的帶領(lǐng)著他的28個(gè)船員脫離了險(xiǎn)境。途中不斷地給予他們激勵(lì)和希望。

True Blue— (1996, director: Ferdinand Fairfax)， retitled Miracle at Oxford for the US DVD. It follows the 1987 Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. Will the boat race change from being a gentleman’s contest to one where winning is everything? Coaches and rowers struggle for influence in the months prior to the race. Will the team be able to work together or will prima donnas break it up?

贏家——(1996，導(dǎo)演：費(fèi)迪南德-費(fèi)爾法克斯)，該片在美國(guó)的名字為“牛津的奇跡”。影片講述的是1987年的牛津劍橋劃船比賽。這場(chǎng)比賽會(huì)由一場(chǎng)紳士之間友誼第一的比賽變?yōu)橐粓?chǎng)力爭(zhēng)獲勝的決戰(zhàn)嗎?教練和劃手們?yōu)榱藙倮归_了數(shù)月的苦練。這支團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠齊心協(xié)力嗎?女主角的出現(xiàn)會(huì)讓他們分崩離析嗎?

Twelve Angry Men—(1957, director: Sidney Lumet). And the Russian version, 12—(2007, director: Nikita Mikhalkov, in Russian). These films are intense dramas which demonstrate the dangers of groupthink. A murder case jury is about to vote the defendant guilty. One doubting juror takes a brave position against the majority in search of truth and justice. A classic。

十二怒漢——(1957，導(dǎo)演：西德尼-呂美特)。該片也有俄國(guó)版本(2007，導(dǎo)演：尼基塔-米哈爾科夫)。這部電影是一部反映了群體思考的危險(xiǎn)性的緊張的戲劇。一個(gè)殺人案件的陪審團(tuán)正要投票決定被告有罪。但陪審團(tuán)中的一個(gè)人卻勇敢地站在了大多數(shù)人的對(duì)面，只是為了探尋真相與正義。一部經(jīng)典的電影。

The Wages of Fear—(1953, director: Henri-Georges Clouzot). Drivers are offered big money to take nitro-glycerin into the jungles of Central America to put out an oil well fire. How far will they go for money? Greatly suspenseful, a classic。

恐懼的代價(jià)——(1953，導(dǎo)演：亨利-克魯佐)。為了撲滅一場(chǎng)油井大火，幾位司機(jī)被承諾了巨額報(bào)仇，只要他們駕駛著裝有硝化甘油的卡車進(jìn)入中美洲的森林。為了金錢他們到底會(huì)付出多少代價(jià)?非常懸疑的一部經(jīng)典電影。