哥本哈根氣候峰會火藥味日漸濃厚

聯(lián)合國氣候峰會的緊張氣氛周一進一步升溫，貧窮國家的一組代表曾一度走出會場，抗議談判進展緩慢，而歐盟官員則表達了對美國和中國的惱火。

Tensions flared Monday at the United Nations climate summit, as representatives from a group of poor nations briefly walked out of the conference to protest the slow pace of negotiations, and European Union officials expressed exasperation with the U.S. and China.

一名巴西外交官說，代表發(fā)展中國家以及巴西、印度和中國等新興經(jīng)濟體的77國集團在周一上午的談判中退出了會議。瑞典環(huán)境部長安德烈亞斯·卡爾格林(Andreas Carlgren)說，代表們當天晚些時候重返會場，但實質(zhì)性問題仍未得到解決。瑞典將在今年年底前擔任為期6個月的歐盟輪值主席國，因此它是歐盟的代表。

The Group of 77, which represents developing countries as well as large emerging economies such as Brazil, India and China, walked out of the negotiations in the morning, a Brazilian diplomat said. The delegates returned to the conference later Monday, but the underlying issues remained unsolved, Swedish Minister Andreas Carlgren said. Sweden represents the European Union, as it holds the six-month rotating presidency of the 27-country bloc until the end of the year.

哥本哈根會場內(nèi)的動蕩與會場外的騷動和混亂交相呼應(yīng)，數(shù)百人要在寒冷的天氣中排隊等上幾個小時才能進入會場中心。與此同時，丹麥警方周六和周日逮捕和拘留了1,000多名會場外的示威者。丹麥國會在氣候會議前通過了新的立法，允許預防性拘留。根據(jù)這條規(guī)定，警方最長的扣留時間為12小時。

The turbulence inside the Copenhagen conference was matched by disturbances and disorganization outside, as hundreds of people waited in line for hours in chilly weather to gain access to the conference center. Meanwhile, Danish police arrested and detained more than 1,000 protestors who staged demonstrations outside the climate conference Saturday and Sunday. Danish lawmakers passed new legislation ahead of the climate conference allowing preventative detention, under which people can be held by police for up to 12 hours.

氣候會議的正式程序已進入了第二周。包括奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的一些國家的領(lǐng)導人預計將在本周晚些時候抵達，希望能在表面上達成一項協(xié)議，以遏制全球溫室氣體的排放，并建立新的機制，向貧窮國家提供補貼，讓它們采用低碳能源技術(shù)或應(yīng)對全球氣溫不斷上升的影響。其中更引人注目的要求采取行動的是一些島國的代表，他們警告說，如果極地冰蓋融化提高了海平面，他們的低海拔國家可能會被淹沒。

The official proceedings of the climate conference are heading into their second week. World leaders, including President Barack Obama, are expected to arrive late this week ostensibly to clinch a deal to curb worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and establish new mechanisms for subsidizing efforts by poor countries to adopt low-carbon energy technology or adapt to the effects of rising global temperatures. Among the more high profile groups demanding action are representatives of island nations who have warned their low-lying countries could be swamped if melting polar ice caps raise ocean levels.

哥本哈根會議爭執(zhí)的核心是對資金問題的尖銳分歧。周一這個問題再度成為了焦點。

At the heart of the disputes in Copenhagen are sharp disagreements over money, which came to the fore again Monday.

哥本哈根峰會旨在尋求達成新的國際協(xié)議，以在2012年后限制全球變暖。發(fā)展中國家希望保持1997年《京都議定書》(Kyoto Protocol)削減溫室氣體排放的框架，而以一份新的文件加以補充。《京都議定書》強制要求富裕國家減排，但沒有對貧窮國家和美國做出限制。

The Copenhagen summit seeks to find a new agreement on international rules to limit global warming after 2012. Developing countries want to keep the structure of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol --which mandates rich nations, but not poorer countries nor the U.S.--to cut greenhouse gas emissions, with a new document to supplement it.

中國代表團的一名成員說，中方的立場是《京都議定書》的規(guī)定必須在任何新的協(xié)議中得到尊重。但美國談判代表曾說，他們不會支持對中國進行補貼。美國也從來沒有批準《京都議定書》，原因之一是美國國會議員反對其方案，即富裕國家應(yīng)該不斷減少礦物燃料使用，而中國、印度和其他發(fā)展中國家不會面臨這種限制，并從理論上能夠繼續(xù)以損害美國競爭對手為代價擴大生產(chǎn)。

A member of the Chinese delegation said the country stands by the position that provisions under the Kyoto Protocol must be respected in any new pact. But U.S. negotiators have said they won't support subsidies for China. The U.S. also never ratified the Kyoto Protocol, in part because U.S. lawmakers objected to the proposal that rich nations should accept steady cuts in their use of fossil fuels, while China, India and other developing nations wouldn't face such restrictions and could, in theory, continue to expand their manufacturing at the expense of U.S. rivals.

哥本哈根會談的另一個敏感問題周一浮出了水面。負責批準碳減排信用的聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)本月初拒絕了中國的10個風電項目，并指責中國捏造數(shù)據(jù)以獲得國際補貼，中國隨后大力抨擊該機構(gòu)。

Another sensitive issue in the Copenhagen talks surfaced Monday as China lashed out at the U.N. office in charge of approving carbon credits after it rejected 10 Chinese wind farm projects earlier this month and accused China of fudging the numbers to make them eligible for international subsidies.

中國國家發(fā)改委負責聯(lián)合國清潔發(fā)展機制(CDM)相關(guān)事務(wù)的官員孫翠華說，如果你拒絕風力發(fā)電，那還有什么？

'If you reject wind power, what else is there?' said Sun Cuihua, an official at the National Reform and Development Commission which overseas the U.N.-sanctioned clean development mechanism that creates carbon credits.

根據(jù)清潔發(fā)展機制，富裕國家可在貧窮國家投資碳減排項目，由此獲得可以交易的碳減排信用。

Under the CDM mechanism, rich countries can invest in carbon-abatement projects in poor countries and get carbon credits that can be traded.

孫翠華在中國風電場擁有者和開發(fā)企業(yè)發(fā)表聲明抗議聯(lián)合國此項決定的一個會議上對記者說，他們說我們操縱電價，這是不負責任的說法。

'They say that we made up the electricity prices; that is not a responsible thing to say,' Ms. Sun told reporters at a meeting where Chinese windfarm owners and developers issued a statement protesting the U.N. decision.

隨著哥本哈根峰會的深入，就連77國集團內(nèi)部也不是鐵板一塊。

Even the G-77 isn't in total harmony as it heads into the final stretch of this meeting.

據(jù)77國集團內(nèi)部的一位知情官員說，沙特阿拉伯和巴西周一在碳捕捉和封存問題上產(chǎn)生了爭執(zhí)。目前沙特正在加強自身的減排努力。

Saudi Arabia and Brazil sparred Monday over carbon capture and sequestration, something the kingdom is pushing to shore up its own emission-reduction efforts, according to an official from a G-77 nation familiar with the matter.

巴西關(guān)注的是，碳捕捉和封存可能會削弱它的生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)，因為各國可能選擇燃燒更多的化石燃料，將排放物掩埋到地下，而不是燃燒乙醇等清潔的生物燃料。巴西是乙醇生產(chǎn)大國。

Brazil is concerned that CCS could dent its biofuels industry, as nations opt to burn more fossil fuels and bury emissions underground, rather than burn clean-burning biofuels such as ethanol, of which Brazil is a leader.