鳩山由紀夫能否保住大權尚面臨考驗

日本民主黨黨魁鳩山由紀夫（左）與民主黨前黨首小澤一郎

現(xiàn)年62歲的日本民主黨黨魁鳩山由紀夫(Yukio Hatoyama)預計將于周三新一屆國會召開時正式就任日本首相。

Yukio Hatoyama, the 62-year-old president of the Democratic Party of Japan, is expected to be formally installed Wednesday as prime minister when the new parliament convenes.

他現(xiàn)在的首要挑戰(zhàn)是，消除黨內以及與合作伙伴之間的意見分歧，以便能實現(xiàn)他競選時的承諾，這些承諾幫助日本民主黨以壓倒性優(yōu)勢贏得大選。

His primary challenge now will be to smooth over varying views within his party and its partners, so he can follow through on the pledges that gave helped the DPJ win in a landslide.

鳩山由紀夫要面臨的第一輪考驗就是日本民主黨推行其立法議程。在將掌控日本政局數(shù)十年的自民黨(Liberal Democratic Party)拉下馬的大選中，日本民主黨承諾要縮減官僚機構、為有孩子的家庭提供財務資助，還要重新考慮與美國的軍事聯(lián)系。

Mr. Hatoyama's first tests will come as the DPJ pushes its legislative agenda. During the campaign that pushed out the Liberal Democratic Party, which has dominated Japanese politics for decades, the DPJ pledged to shrink the bureaucracy, give a financial boost to families with children, and reconsider security ties with the U.S.

但新一屆政府還面臨諸多潛在問題，必須要控制住這些問題才能熬過上臺后的頭一年繼續(xù)掌權。這個成立11年的政黨集合了政治信仰各異的許多議員，而且依靠兩個執(zhí)政伙伴政黨才得以保住上議院多數(shù)席位，這兩個友黨的觀點不像日本民主黨那樣溫和。

But the new administration sits on potential problems that it must keep under control to stay firmly in power beyond its first year. The 11-year-old party is a hodgepodge of lawmakers with diverse political beliefs, and relies on two small coalition partners with less moderate views to maintain a majority in the upper house of parliament.

華盛頓智庫戰(zhàn)略與國際問題研究中心(Center for Strategic and International Studies)資深顧問格林(Michael Green)舉例說，如果日本民主黨不能管理好黨內以及與執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟友黨的分歧，處理與美國的關系就會是個難題。

Managing relations with the U.S., for example, will be difficult, 'if they can't manage the differences within the party or with the [coalition partners],' said Michael Green, senior adviser and Japan chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington think tank.

明年7月的上議院選舉將會衡量這一點。如果日本民主黨在選舉中獲勝，就能擴大多數(shù)席位，從而也就不需要執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟友黨了。而如果選舉失利，就會導致不穩(wěn)定性。

A measure of that will come in July, with upper-house elections. Success for the DPJ could translate into a larger majority that diminishes the need for coalition partners. A loss could bring instability.

本周二，鳩山由紀夫選擇執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟友黨國民新黨(People's New Party)黨魁龜井靜香(Shizuka Kamei)為金融特任大臣，負責金融業(yè)監(jiān)管和郵政私有化，對銀行業(yè)和日本龐大的郵政系統(tǒng)進行監(jiān)管。

On Tuesday, Mr. Hatoyama chose Shizuka Kamei, the head of coalition partner People's New Party, as minister in charge of financial services and postal privatization, which oversees banking and the country's sprawling postal system.

鳩山由紀夫周二表示，將于周三宣布其他內閣任命。他已經提出了外相人選，并將組建一個新的辦事處，負責處理預算問題。

Mr. Hatoyama said Tuesday that other cabinet appointees would be disclosed Wednesday. He has already named his choices to become foreign minister and to run a new office charged with getting a greater handle on budgetary issues.

日本民主黨在8月30日的大選中獲得下議院480個席位中的308席。這令該黨獲得大幅領先，但下議院通過的政令還需獲得上議院批準。日本民主黨在上議院占有席位最多，但需要與其他政黨聯(lián)盟才能使政令獲得通過。為了使事態(tài)順利，日本民主黨上周與兩個小政黨組建執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟，這兩個黨在上議院已經與日本民主黨攜手。

The DPJ won 308 out of the 480 seats available in the lower house of parliament in the Aug. 30 elections. That gives it a comfortable margin but isn't enough to bypass approval from Japan's upper house. There, the DPJ is the largest party but needs a coalition to get things done. To smooth things over, the DPJ last week formed an alliance with the two smaller parties that already make up its coalition in the upper house.

已經有跡象表明，維持聯(lián)盟可能需要平衡手段。日本民主黨上周費了很大力氣選擇適當?shù)挠迷~來描述將如何調整駐日美軍部署，以便讓執(zhí)政伙伴之一社會民主黨接受。最終的措辭與日本民主黨此前說法相似。

Already, there are some signs that keeping the group together could require a balancing act. The DPJ spent considerable energy last week trying to pick the right words to describe the coalition's policy on the realignment of U.S. forces stationed in Japan, so that it would be acceptable to the Social Democrats, one of the partners. The final language was similar to what the DPJ had previously proposed.

處理與官僚的關系會是另一個重大挑戰(zhàn)。抑制官僚的影響力、將政策決定權掌控在政治家手中，這是日本民主黨的一個主要目標。但日本民主黨議員缺乏經驗可能成為一個問題。該黨308名下議院議員將近一半是政治新手。

Managing the relationship with bureaucrats will be another big challenge. Curbing the influence of bureaucrats, and putting policy in the hands of politicians, is a primary goal for the party. But the lack of experience among its lawmakers could become a problem. Nearly half of the party's 308 lower-house members are new in national politics.