背誦為王第四冊第33課
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- 參考譯文
論社會公平
歷史上鮮有真正的無階級差別的社會，那種在較大程度上盛行薪酬和社會地位平等的社會。有兩個短暫存在的社會是其適例，一個是1871年的巴黎公社，被法國政府的軍隊無情摧毀，另一個是在西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)早期控制巴塞羅納的無政府主義政權(quán)，具有諷刺意義的是，它以暴力手段收場。
如今在歐洲一個新階級正在快速成長，它被稱為下層階級或亞階級。該階級由那些無法享有其他社會階層的成員所享有的權(quán)利的群體組成。事實上，為了確保在其他人看來是理所當(dāng)然擁有的最基本的生存條件，他們經(jīng)常被迫遭受有辱尊嚴(yán)的收入調(diào)查，接受施舍，以及不得不依靠每況愈下的公共服務(wù)。擁有私人交通、私人醫(yī)療保健、私人教育和私人住宅的世界對他們來說遙不可及。
該下層階級包括窮人、無家可歸者、眾多失業(yè)者、情感受挫者和殘疾人。少數(shù)民族占很大比例，很多人非法受雇，工資很低，且工作條件極差。有些人完全是非法打工，他們的存在沒有得到政府當(dāng)局的認(rèn)可和記錄。這一階級也包括吸毒者、妓女和酗酒的人。該下層階級是我們現(xiàn)代生活方式中不可言及卻又永遠(yuǎn)存在的陰影。
上個世紀(jì)的窮人擁有工作并形成了工人階級，而如今的窮人大多都是失業(yè)者并形成了下層階級的一部分。
Lesson33 On Social Equality
There have been few examples in history of a truly classless society where, to any significant degree, equality of pay and conditions prevailed. Two short-lived examples are the Paris Commune of 1871 which was ruthlessly destroyed by the forces of the French government and the anarchist regime that controlled Barcelona in the early days of the Spanish Civil War which was ironically brought to violent end.
Today in Europe there is a new class which is growing apace that has come to be known as the underclass or sub-class. This class consists of groups of individuals who do not have access to the rights enjoyed by members of other social strata. Indeed, in order to secure very basic living conditions taken for granted by others, they are often forced to suffer the indignity of a means test, be at the receiving end of charity and have to rely on run-down public services. The worlds of private transport, private health care, private education and private housing are remote and inaccessible.
The underclass consists of the poor, the homeless, many of the unemployed, the emotionally disturbed, and the disabled. A high proportion will be from ethnic minorities, many being employed illegally at low wage levels and under sweatshop conditions. Some will be employed completely illegally; their very existence unrecognized and unrecorded by the authorities.
This class also includes drug addicts, prostitutes and alcoholics. The underclass is the unspoken but ever-present shadow of our modern lifestyle.
Whereas the poor of the last century were employed and formed the working class, the poor of today are now largely unemployed and form part of the underclass.
anarchist 無政府主義者
means 財力；收入
There have been few examples in history of a truly classless society where, to any significant degree, equality of pay and conditions prevailed. Two short-lived examples are the Paris Commune of 1871 which was ruthlessly destroyed by the forces of the French government and the anarchist regime that controlled Barcelona in the early days of the Spanish Civil War which was ironically brought to violent end.
Today in Europe there is a new class which is growing apace that has come to be known as the underclass or sub-class. This class consists of groups of individuals who do not have access to the rights enjoyed by members of other social strata. Indeed, in order to secure very basic living conditions taken for granted by others, they are often forced to suffer the indignity of a means test, be at the receiving end of charity and have to rely on run-down public services. The worlds of private transport, private health care, private education and private housing are remote and inaccessible.
The underclass consists of the poor, the homeless, many of the unemployed, the emotionally disturbed, and the disabled. A high proportion will be from ethnic minorities, many being employed illegally at low wage levels and under sweatshop conditions. Some will be employed completely illegally; their very existence unrecognized and unrecorded by the authorities.
This class also includes drug addicts, prostitutes and alcoholics. The underclass is the unspoken but ever-present shadow of our modern lifestyle.
Whereas the poor of the last century were employed and formed the working class, the poor of today are now largely unemployed and form part of the underclass.
anarchist 無政府主義者
means 財力；收入
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